Mahadevi Varma

Mahadevi Verma महादेवी वर्मा
Born	26 March 1907(1907-03-26) Farrukhabad, Farrukhabad District, Uttar Pradesh, British India
Died	11 September 1987(1987-09-11) (aged 80) Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
Occupation	Writer, Poet, Freedom Fighter, Woman's Activist, Educationist
Nationality	Indian
Period	Chhayavaad
Notable award(s)	1979: Sahitya Akademi Fellowship 1982: Jnanpith Award 1956: Padma Bhushan 1988: Padma Vibhushan

Mahadevi Varma (Hindi: महादेवी वर्मा, 26 March 1906– September 11, 1987) best known as an outstanding Hindi poet, was a freedom fighter, woman's activist and educationist from India. She is widely regarded as the "modern Meera"^{[citation needed]}. She was a major poet of the Chhayavaad generation, a period of romanticism in Modern Hindi poetry ranging from 1914-1938. With passage of time, her limited but outstanding prose has been recognised as unique in Hindi Literature. She was a prominent poet in Hindi Kavi sammelans (Gatherings of poets).

She was the Principal, and then the Vice Chancellor of Prayag Mahila Vidyapeeth, a woman's residential college in Allahabad. She was awarded India's highest literary award, for lifetime achievement, the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship in 1979, followed by the Jnanpith Award in 1982.^[1] She was the recipient of the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian award, in 1988.^[2]

Life

Mahadevi was born in Farrukhabad, United Provinces in a family of lawyers. She was educated at Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. She was the eldest child of Govindprasad and Hemrani and had two brothers and a sister, Shyama. She was married in 1914 with Dr Swarup Narain Varma in Indore at a tender age of 7. She stayed with her parents while her husband studied in Lucknow to complete his education, during which time, she received her higher education at the Allahabad University and passed her B.A. examination in 1929 and completed her M.A. in Sanskrit in 1933. She later joined her husband in the princely state of Tamkoi around 1920 and later moved to Allahabad to pursue her interest in poetry with agreement from her husband, as she refused to accept her marriage with him in childhood. Mahadevi Varma and her husband mostly lived separately pursuing their respective interests and used to meet occasionally.

After the death of her husband in 1966, she moved permanently to Allahabad and lived there until her death. Mahadevi Varma was deeply affected by Buddhism and also contributed to the Indian freedom movement. She even tried to become a Buddhist bhikshuni.

Mahadevi was appointed as the first headmistress of Allahabad (Prayag) Mahila Vidyapeeth, which was started with a view to imparting cultural and literary education to girls through Hindi medium. Later, she became the chancellor of the institute.

She died on September 11, 1987 at 9:27 pm. Her bunglow still stands at Ashok Nagar colony in Allahabad. It is under possession of descendants of her deceased secretary, Pt. Ganga Prasad Pandey. On her birth centenary year (2007), they have recreated a room dedicated to her memory. Mahadevi Verma (1907–87) : was educated in Allahabad, where she founded the 'Prayag Mahila Vidyapitha', promoting education for girls. An active freedom fighter, Mahadevi Verma is regarded as one of the four pillars of the great Romantic movement in modern Hindi poetry, Chayavada, the remaining three being Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala', Jaishankar Prasad and Sumitranandan Pant. She is renowned for her book of memoirs, Atit Ke Chalchitra (The Moving Frames of the Past) and Smriti Ki Rekhayen (The Lines of Memory). Her poetic canvas boasts Dipshikha (The Flame of an Earthen Lamp, 1942), a book comprising fifty one lyrics, all of which carry maturity of expression and intense mystical quality. Some of her other famous publications are Nihar (1930), Rashmi (1932), Neerja (1934), and Sandhya Geet (1936). Of her four prose works, Shrinkhala ki Kadiyan deals with the plight of Indian women. Her reflections on art and literature included in Sahityakaar ki Astha, evince a highly cultivated aesthetic sensibility, firmly rooted in the permanent values of life.

In 1935, She was appointed Honorary Editor of the famous Hindi monthly magazine Chand. She was honoured with the Padma Bhushan by the President of India. She died on 11 September 1987.

Works

Mahadevi is considered to be one of the four major poets of the Chhayavaadi school of the Hindi literature, others being Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala', Jaishankar Prasad and Sumitranandan Pant. She was also a noted painter. She drew a number of illustrations for her poetic works like hindi and Yama.

Poetry

Her poems have been published under a number of other titles as well, but they contain the poems from these collections only. They include:

• Neehar (1930)
• Agnirekha (1990, published after her death)
• pagal hai kya?(1971, published in 2005)

Awards and honours

Mahadevi Varma's creative talents and sharp intellect soon earned her a prominent place in the Hindi Literary world. She is considered among the four pillars of the Chaayavad movement. In 1934, she received Sekseriya Puraskar from the Hindi Sahitya Sammelan for her work, Niraja. Her poetry collection (Yama, यामा-1936) received the Jnanpith Award, one of the highest Indian literary awards.

• She also Honored with “Proud Past Alumni" in the list of 42 members, from "Allahabad University Alumni Association", NCR, Ghaziabad (Greater Noida) Chapter 2007-2008 registered under society act 1860 with registration no. 407/2000^[3].

In 1956, the Government of India bestowed her with Padma Bhushan, India's third-highest civilian award. She was the first woman to be awarded the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship, in 1979.^[4] In 1988, Indian Government bestowed her with Padma Vibhushan, the second-highest civilian award.^[5]

References

1. ^ "Jnanpith Laureates Official listings". Jnanpith Website. http://jnanpith.net/laureates/index.html. 
2. ^ Padma Vibhshan
3. ^ "She is Proud Past Alumni Allahabad University". Allahabad university Alumni Association web page say
4. ^ Fellowships Sahitya Akademi Official website.
5. ^ Padma Vibhshan

Further reading

• Gupta, Indra India's 50 Most Illustrious Women ISBN 81-88086-19-3
• Schomer, Karine (1998). Mahadevi Varma and the Chhayavad Age of Modern Hindi Poetry, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0 19 564450 6.

External links

• Mahadevi Verma at Kavita Kosh (Hindi)
• Mahadevi Verma at Indohistory
• Mahadevi Varma at Anubhuti
• Some poems of Mahadevi Varma (in Devanagari script)

Persondata
Name	Varma, Mahadevi
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	27 March 1907
Place of birth	Farrukhabad, Farrukhabad District, Uttar Pradesh, British India
Date of death	11 September 1984
Place of death	Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India