Tokyo Toden

The nihongo|Tokyo Toden|東京都電|Tōkyō Toden or simply Toden, is the streetcar network of Tokyo, Japan. Of all its former routes, only one, the Toden Arakawa Line, remains in service. The Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation operates the Toden. The formal legal name is "Tokyo-to Densha." Its nickname, "Toden," distinguished it from the "Kokuden" (electrified lines of the Japanese National Railways).

History

At its peak, the Toden system boasted 41 routes with 213 kilometers of track. However, the increase in reliance on automobile traffic resulted in reductions in ridership, and from 1967 to 1972, 181 km of track were abandoned as the Bureau changed its emphasis to bus and subway modes of transportation.

*1903: The Tokyo Horse-drawn Railway changed its motive power to electricity and, under the name Tokyo Electric Railway (or Tōden, 東電) commenced operations between Shinagawa and Shinbashi.

*1903: The Tokyo Urban Railway (or Gaitetsu, 街鉄) began operations between Sukiyabashi (in Ginza) and Kandabashi.

*1904: The Tokyo Electric Railway (Sotobori Line) connecting Shinbashi Station and Ochanomizu opened.

*1905: The three companies published the "Tokyo Geography Education Streetcar Song" to promote knowledge of the geography of Tokyo.

*1906: The three companies merged to form the Tokyo Railways.

*1911: Tokyo City purchased the Tokyo Railways, established its Electric Bureau, and inaugurated the Tokyo City Streetcar (東京市電) system.

*1911–1922: The streetcar network expands, with various new companies and lines serving areas in the city and to the west.

*1933: The route from Shinagawa Station to North Shinagawa Station is abandoned.

*1933–1943: New companies, mergers, and realignments alter the network.

*1943: Tokyo City is abolished and the larger Tokyo Prefecture assumes its administrative functions. The Tokyo City Streetcar bureau becomes the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation.

*1944: Service is stopped on nine segments.

*1945–1951: During the Occupation of Japan, the network evolved slowly.

*1952: The segment of the Imai Line between Higashi Arakawa and Imaibashi Stations was replaced with trolley buses.

*1953, 1961: Two segments (one in Shinjuku and the other connecting Shinbashi Station and Shiodome) stop operating.

*1963: In preparation for the Tokyo Olympics, two segments (Kita-Aoyama Itchome – Miyakezaka and Hanzomon – Kudanshita) cease operations. The Suginami Line (Shinjuku – Ogikubo) closes because it duplicates a line of the Eidan Subway.

*1967–1972: A plan for financial restructuring is put into effect in seven stages, resulting in the closing of routes.

*1974: A plan for abandoning the remaining track is cancelled. The remaining routes are consolidated into a single line, named the Arakawa Line.

*1978: One-man operation begins.

*1990: The 8500 Series rolling stock is introduced. It is the first new design in 28 years.

*2000: A new station, Arakawa Itchūmae, opens between two existing stations.

*2007 (projected): 9000 Series rolling stock is scheduled for introduction.

Former lines

Lines

This is the list of former lines, listed according to their official names. Correspnding routes are those of 1962. The first section of the lines opened in the listed opening years, while the last section of the lines closed in the listed closing years.

Lines primary made by Tōkyō Electric Railway (Tōden)

*Azumabashi Line; ■ Route 24 and ■ 30.::Ueno-Ekimae — Honjo-Azumabashi::1904 — 1972
*Hondōri Line; ■ Route 1, ■ 4, ■ 19, ■ 22 and ■ 40.::Shimbashi — Sudachō::1903 — 1971
*Kanasugi Line; ■ Route 1 and ■ 4.::Mita — Shimbashi::1903 — 1969
*Kuramae Line; ■ Route 22 and ■ 31.::Kaminarimon — Asakusabashi::1904 — 1971
*Muromachi Line; ■ Route 22 and ■ 31.::Asakusabashi — Marunouchi-Itchōme::1904 — 1971
*Shinagawa Line; ■ Route 1, ■ 3 and ■ 7.::Kita-Shinagawa — Mita::1903 — 1967::"Trains from the Keihin Electric Railway (the current Keihin Electric Express Railway) directly entered a section from Shinagawa Station to Kita-Shinagawa Station."
*Ueno Line; ■ Route 1, ■ 19, ■ 20, ■ 24, ■ 30, ■ 37 and ■ 40.::Sudachō — Ueno-Ekimae::1903 — 1972

Lines primary made by Tōkyō Urban Railway

*Aoyama Line; ■ Route 6, ■ 9 and ■ 10.::Miyakezaka — Shibuya-Ekimae::Circa 1904 — 1968
*Bammachi Line; ■ Route 10.::Hanzōmon — Kudanshita::Circa 1905 — 1963
*Chiyodabashi Line; ■ Route 15, ■ 28 and ■ 38.::Ōtemachi — Eitaibashi::Circa 1904 — 1972
*Edogawa Line; ■ Route 15 and ■ 39.::Kudanshita — Waseda::Circa 1905 — 1968
*Hamachō Line::Ningyōchō — Ryōgoku::Circa 1904 — 1944
*Hanzōmon Line; ■ Route 8, ■ 9, ■ 10 and ■ 11.::Hibiya-Kōen — Hanzōmon::1903 — 1968
*Hongō Line; ■ Route 19.::Circa Sudachō — Hakusan-ue::1904 — 1971
*Hōraibashi Line::Miharabashi — Hōraibashi::Circa 1904 — circa 1909
*Ichigaya Line; ■ Route 12.::Circa 1905 — 1970
*Kandabashi Line; ■ Route 2, ■ 5, ■ 15, ■ 25, ■ 35 and ■ 37.::Hibiya-Kōen — Ogawamachi::1903 — 1968
*Kiridōshi Line; ■ Route 16 and ■ 39.::Bunkyō-Kuyakusho-mae — Ueno-Hirokōji::Circa 1904 — 1971
*Kōtōbashi Line; ■ Route 25, ■ 29 and ■ 38.::Ryōgoku-Nichōme — Kinshibori::Circa 1905 — 1972
*Kudan Line; ■ Route 10, ■ 12 and ■ 15.::Ogawamachi — Kudanshita::Circa 1904 — 1970
*Mita Line; ■ Route 2, ■ 5, ■ 35 and ■ 37.::Mita — Hibiya-Kōen::Circa 1904 — 1968
*Narihira Line; ■ Route 16, ■ 23 and ■ 24.::Midorichō-Itchōme — Fukujimbashi::Narihirabashi — Asakusa-Ekimae "(the current Tōbu Narihirabashi Station.)"::Circa 1905 — 1972
*Ryōgokubashi Line; ■ Route 10, ■ 12, ■ 25 and ■ 29.::Ogawamachi — Ryōgoku-Nichōme::1903 — 1972
*Shinjuku Line; ■ Route 11, ■ 12 and ■ 13.::Hanzōmon — Shinjuku-Ekimae::1903 — 1970
*Suzaki Line; ■ Route 28 and ■ 38.::Eitaibashi — Tōyō-Kōen-mae::Fukushimabashi (Eitai-Nichōme) — Kamezumichō (Fukagawa-Itchōme)::Circa 1904 — 1972
*Toranomon Line; ■ Route 3 and ■ 8.::Sakuradamon — Kamiyachō::Toranomon — Reinanzaka::Circa 1905 — 1968
*Tsukiji Line; ■ Route 8, ■ 9, ■ 11 and ■ 36.::Hibiya-Kōen — Kayabachō (— Ningyōchō)::1903 — 1971
*Umayabashi Line; ■ Route 16 and ■ 39.::Ueno-Hirokōji — Honjo-Itchōme::Circa 1905 — 1971

Lines primary made by Tōkyō Electric Railway (Sotobori Line)

*Dobashi Line; ■ Route 17.::Shin-Tokiwabashi — Shimbashi-eki-Kitaguchi::Circa 1904 — 1968
*Hiroo Line; ■ Route 7.::Aoyama-Itchōme — Tengenjibashi::Circa 1905 — 1969
*Hōraibashi Line; ■ Route 6.::Miharabashi — Toranomon::Circa 1905 — 1967
*Nishikichō Line::Ochanomizu — Shin-Tokiwabashi::Circa 1904 — 1944
*Ochanomizu Line; ■ Route 13 and ■ 19.::Iidabashi — Akihabara-eki-Higashiguchi::Circa 1905 — 1971
*Shinanomachi Line; ■ Route 7 and ■ 33.::Yotsuya-Sanchōme — Kita-Aoyama-Itchōme::Circa 1905 — 1969
*Tameike Line; ■ Route 3 and ■ 6.::Toranomon — Yotsuya-Mitsuke::Circa 1905 — 1967
*Ushigome Line; ■ Route 3 and ■ 12.::Yotsuya-Mitsuke — Iidabashi::Circa 1905 — 1970

Lines primary made by Tōkyō Railways

*Furukawa Line; ■ Route 4, ■ 5, ■ 7, ■ 8 and ■ 34.::Tengenjibashi — Kanasugibashi::Circa 1910 — 1969::"Near Ichinohashi, the tracks ran on the center lane of the roadways."
*Hakusan Line; ■ Route 2, ■ 18 and ■ 35.::Bunkyō-Kuyakusho-mae — Hakusan-ue::Circa 1910 — 1968
*Izumibashi Line; ■ Route 13 and ■ 21.::Doshūbashi — Ueno-Ekimae::Circa 1910 — 1970::"On Shōwa Street near Ueno Station, the tracks ran on the center lane of the roadways."
*Minowa Line; ■ Route 21 and ■ 31::Circa 1910 — 1969
*Ōtsuka Line; ■ Route 16 and ■ 17.::Denzūin-mae — Ōtsuka-Ekimae::Circa 1910 — 1971
*Senju Line; ■ Route 22.::Komagata-Nichōme — Minami-Senju::Circa 1910 — 1971
*Sugamo Line; ■ Route 2, ■ 18 and ■ 35.::Hakusan-ue — Sugamo-Shako-mae::Circa 1910 — 1968
*Suidōbashi Line; ■ Route 2, ■ 17, ■ 18 and ■ 35.::Shin-Tokiwabashi — Bunkyō-Kuyakusho-mae::Circa 1910 — 1968
*Takahashi Line; ■ Route 23.::Monzen-Nakachō — Midorichō-Itchōme::Circa 1910 — 1972
*Tomisaka Line; ■ Route 16, ■ 17 and ■ 39.::Ōmagari — Bunkyō-Kuyakusho-mae::Circa 1910 — 1971

Lines made by Ōji Electric Tramway

*Akabane Line; ■ Route 27.::Ōji-Ekimae — Akabane::1926 — 1972
*Arakawa Line; ■ Route 27 and ■ 32.::Kumanomae — Ōji-Ekimae::1913 — still operational::"The current Arakawa Line."
*Mikawashima Line; ■ Route 27.::Minowabashi — Kumanomae::1913 — still operational::"The current Arakawa Line."
*Takinogawa Line; ■ Route 32.::Ōji-Ekimae — Ōtsuka-Ekimae::1911 — still operational::"The current Arakawa Line."
*Waseda Line; ■ Route 32.::Ōtsuka-Ekimae — Waseda::1925 — still operational::"The current Arakawa Line."

Lines made by Jōtō Electric Tramway

*Ichinoe Line; ■ Route 26.::Higashi-Arakawa — Imaibashi::1925 — 1952::"Commonly called Imai Line. An isolated line with no transfer stations to other lines in the network."
*Komatsugawa Line; ■ Route 25, ■ 29 and ■ 38.::Kinshibori — Nishi-Arakawa::1917 — 1972::"On the Keiyō Road near Kameido Station, the tracks ran on the center lane of the roadways."
*Sunamachi Line; ■ Route 29 and ■ 38.::Suijimmori — Suzaki::1921 — 1972

Lines made by Tamagawa Electric Railway

*Naka-Meguro Line; ■ Route 8.::Shibuyabashi — Naka-Meguro
*Tengenjibashi Line; ■ Route 8 and ■ 34.::Shibuya-Ekimae — Tengenjibashi

Lines made by the former Seibu Railway

They were the only lines with a gauge of 1067 mm. The rest of the network had a gauge of 1372 mm.
*Kōenji Line; ■ Route 14.::Shinjuku-Ekimae — Kōenji-Itchōme::1921 — 1963::"Commonly called Suginami Line."
*Ogikubo Line; ■ Route 14.::Kōenji-Itchōme — Ogikubo-Ekimae::1921 — 1963::"Commonly called Suginami Line."

Other lines

*Asukayama Line; ■ Route 19.::Komagome-Ekimae — Asukayama::Circa 1920 — 1971
*Awajimachi Line; ■ Route 37.::Awajimachi — Soto-Kanda-Sanchōme::Circa 1920 — 1967
*Dōzaka Line; ■ Route 20, ■ 37 and ■ 40.::Ueno-Kōen — Sengoku-Itchōme::Late 1910s — 1971::"Ueno-Kōen-mae — Nezu-Itchōme (the line along the edge of Shinobazu Pond) ran on its own right-of-way."
*Ebisu Line::Tengenjibashi — Ebisu-Chōjamaru::1913 — 1944::"Also called Toyosawa Line, or Tengenji Line."
*Fudanotsuji Line; ■ Route 3 and ■ 8.::Iikura-Itchōme — Fudanotsuji::Circa 1912 — 1967
*Gokokuji Line; ■ Route 17 and ■ 20.::Sengoku-Itchōme — Gokokuji-mae::Circa 1920 — 1971
*Gotanda Line; ■ Route 4.::Seishōkō-mae — Gotanda-Ekimae::Late 1920s — 1967
*Hatchōbori Line; ■ Route 5.::Baba-Sakimon — Eitaibashi::Circa 1920 — 1967
*Ikebukuro Line; ■ Route 17.::Gokokuji-mae — Ikebukuro-Ekimae::Early 1930s — 1969
*Isarago Line; ■ Route 4, ■ 5 and ■ 7.::Furukawabashi — Sengakuji::Circa 1912 — 1969
*Ishiwara Line; ■ Route 16.::Ishiwarachō-Itchōme — Kinshichō-Ekimae (Kitaguchi)::Taiheichō-Sanchōme — Kameido-Tenjimbashi::Late 1920s — 1971
*Itabashi Line; ■ Route 18 and ■ 41.::Sugamo-Shako-mae — Itabashi-Ekimae::Late 1920s — 1966::"Sometimes included to Shimura Line."
*Kachidokibashi Line; ■ Route 11.::Tsukiji-Tsukishima::1947 — 1968
*Kasaibashi Line; ■ Route 29.::Sakaigawa — Kasaibashi::Early 1940s — 1972
*Kasumichō Line; ■ Route 6.::Tameike — Minami-Aoyama-Gochōme::Late 1910s — 1967
*Kita-Senju Line; ■ Route 21.::Senju-Ōhashi — Senju-Yonchōme::Late 1920s — 1968
*Komagome Line; ■ Route 19.::Mukōgaoka-Nichōme — Komagome-Ekimae::Late 1910s — 1971
*Marunouchi Line; ■ Route 28 and ■ 31.::Marunouchi-Itchōme — Tochō-mae::Circa 1920 — 1969
*Meguro Line; ■ Route 4 and ■ 5.::Gyoranzaka-shita — Meguro-Ekimae::Circa 1912 — 1967
*Mukōjima Line; ■ Route 30.::Honjo-Azumabashi — Higashi-Mukōjima-Nichōme::Late 1920s — 1969
*Otowa Line; ■ Route 20.::Gokokuji-mae — Yaraishita::Late 1920s — 1971
*Roppongi Line; ■ Route 3, ■ 8 and ■ 33.::Hamamatsuchō-Itchōme — Kita-Aoyama-Itchōme::1912 — 1969
*Ryōgoku-eki Leading Line; ■ Route 12.::Ryōgoku-Nichōme — Ryōgoku-Ekimae::1923 — 1968
*Sarue Line; ■ Route 28 and ■ 36.::Kinshichō-Ekimae (Minamiguchi) — Tōyō-Kōen-mae::Late 1920s — 1972
*Senzoku Line; ■ Route 31.::Kuramae-Itchōme — Minowa-Shako-mae::Circa 1920 — 1969
*Shibaura Line::Tōkyō-Kōguchi — Shibaura-Nichōme::1910 — 1969; "The passenger service started from 1920s."
*Shimura Line; ■ Route 18 and ■ 41.::Itabashi-Ekimae — Shimurabashi::Early 1940s — 1966
*Shin-Ōhashi Line; ■ Route 9 and ■ 36.::Kayabachō — Sumiyoshichō-Nichōme::Circa 1912 — 1971
*Totsuka Line; ■ Route 15.::Takadanobaba-Ekimae — Omokagebashi::? — 1968; "The opening year unknown."
*Tsukishima Line; ■ Route 23.::Monzen-Nakachō — Tsukishima::Circa 1920 — 1972
*Tsunohazu Line; ■ Route 13.::Iidabashi — Yotsuya-Sankōchō::Circa 1912 — 1970

Routes

As of 1962, there were 41 routes in operation; the largest number in Japanese history.:■ Route 1::Shinagawa-Ekimae — "Shinagawa Line — Kanasugi Line — Hondōri Line — Ueno Line" — Ueno-Ekimae:■ Route 2::Mita — "Mita Line — Kandabashi Line — Suidōbashi Line — Hakusan Line — Sugamo Line" — Tōyō-Daigaku-mae:■ Route 3::Shinagawa-Ekimae — "Shinagawa Line — Fudanotsuji Line — Roppongi Line — Toranomon Line — Tameike Line — Ushigome Line" — Iidabashi:■ Route 4::Gotanda-Ekimae — "Gotanda Line — Meguro Line — Isarago Line — Furukawa Line — Kanasugi Line — Hondōri Line" — Ginza-Nichōme:■ Route 5::Meguro-Ekimae — "Meguro Line — Isarago Line — Furukawa Line — Mita Line — Kandabashi Line — Hatchōbori Line" — Eitaibashi:■ Route 6::Shibuya-Ekimae — "Aoyama Line — Kasumichō Line — Tameike Line — Hōraibashi Line" — Shimbashi:■ Route 7::Yotsuya-Sanchōme — "Shinanomachi Line — Hiroo Line — Furukawa Line — Isarago Line — Shinagawa Line" — Shinagawa-Ekimae:■ Route 8::Naka-Meguro — "Naka-Meguro Line — Tengenjibashi Line — Furukawa Line — Fudanotsuji Line — Roppongi Line — Toranomon Line — Hanzōmon Line — Tsukiji Line" — Tsukiji:■ Route 9::Shibuya-Ekimae — "Aoyama Line — Hanzōmon Line — Tsukiji Line — Shin-Ōhashi Line" — Hamachō-Nakanohashi:■ Route 10::Shibuya-Ekimae — "Aoyama Line — Hanzōmon Line — Bammachi Line — Kudanshita Line — Ryōgokubashi Line" — Sudachō:■ Route 11::Shinjuku-Ekimae — "Shinjuku Line — Hanzōmon Line — Tsukiji Line — Kachidokibashi Line" — Tsukishima:■ Route 12::Shinjuku-Ekimae — "Shinjuku Line — Ushigome Line — Ichigaya Line — Kudan Line — Ryōgokubashi Line — Ryōgoku-eki Leading Line" — Ryōgoku-Ekimae:■ Route 13::Shinjuku-Ekimae — "Shinjuku Line — Tsunohazu Line — Ochanomizu Line — Izumibashi Line" — Suitengū-mae:■ Route 14::Shinjuku-Ekimae — "Kōenji Line — Ogikubo Line" — Ogikubo-Ekimae:■ Route 15::Takadanobaba-Ekimae — "Totsuka Line — Waseda Line — Edogawa Line — Kudan Line — Kandabashi Line — Chiyodabashi Line" — Kayabachō:■ Route 16::Ōtsuka-Ekimae — "Ōtsuka Line — Tomisaka Line — Kiridōshi Line — Umayabashi Line — Narihira Line — Ishiwara Line" — Kinshichō-Ekimae:■ Route 17::Ikebukuro-Ekimae — "Ikebukuro Line — Gokokuji Line — Ōtsuka Line — Tomisaka Line — Suidōbashi Line — Dobashi Line" — Sukiyabashi:■ Route 18::Shimura-Sakaue — "Shimura Line — Itabashi Line — Sugamo Line — Hakusan Line — Suidōbashi Line" — Kandabashi:■ Route 19::Ōji-Ekimae — "Takinogawa Line — Asukayama Line — Komagome Line — Hongō Line — Ochanomizu Line — Ueno Line — Hondōri Line" — Tōri-Sanchōme:■ Route 20::Edogawabashi — "Otowa Line — Gokokuji Line — Dōzaka Line — Ueno Line" — Sudachō:■ Route 21::Senju-Yonchōme — "Kita-Senju Line — Minowa Line — Izumibashi Line" — Suitengū-mae:■ Route 22::Minami-Senju — "Senju Line — Kuramae Line — Muromachi Line — Hondōri Line" — Shimbashi:■ Route 22 Temporal::Kaminarimon — "Kuramae Line — Muromachi Line — Hondōri Line" — Shimbashi::"The branch route was treated as a temporal route.":■ Route 23::Fukujimbashi — "Narihira Line — Takahashi Line — Tsukishima Line" — Tsukishima:■ Route 24::Fukujimbashi — "Narihira Line — Azumabashi Line — Ueno Line" — Sudachō:■ Route 25::Nishi-Arakawa — "Komatsugawa Line — Kōtōbashi Line — Ryōgokubashi Line — Kandabashi Line" — Hibiya-Kōen:■ Route 26::Higashi-Arakawa — "Ichinoe Line" — Imaibashi::"Already discontinued in 1952.":■ Route 27::Minowabashi — "Mikawashima Line — Arakawa Line — Akabane Line" — Akabane:■ Route 28::Kinshichō-Ekimae — "Sarue Line — Suzaki Line — Chiyodabashi Line — Marunouchi Line" — Tochō-mae:■ Route 29::Kasaibashi — "Kasaibashi Line — Sunamachi Line — Komatsugawa Line — Kōtōbashi Line — Ryōgokubashi Line" — Sudachō:■ Route 29 Temporal::Kasaibashi — "Kasaibashi Line — Sunamachi Line — Suzaki Line — Chiyodabashi Line" — Nihombashi::"The temporal route operated at morning and evening.":■ Route 30::Higashi-Mukōjima-Nichōme — "Mukōjima Line — Azumabashi Line — Ueno Line" — Sudachō:■ Route 31::Minowabashi — "Mikawashima Line — Senzoku Line — Kuramae Line — Muromachi Line — Marunouchi Line" — Tochō-mae:■ Route 32::Arakawa-Shako-mae — "Arakawa Line — Takinogawa Line — Waseda Line" — Waseda:■ Route 33::Yotsuya-Sanchōme — "Shinanomachi Line — Roppongi Line" — Hamamatsuchō-Itchōme:■ Route 34::Shibuya-Ekimae — "Tengenjibashi Line" — Tengenjibashi:■ Route 35::Sugamo-Shako-mae — "Sugamo Line — Hakusan Line — Suidōbashi Line — Kandabashi Line — Mita Line" — Nishi-Shimbashi-Itchōme:■ Route 36::Kinshichō-Ekimae — "Sarue Line — Shin-Ōhashi Line — Tsukiji Line" — Tsukiji:■ Route 37::Mita — "Mita Line — Kandabashi Line — Ryōgokubashi Line — Awajichō Line — Ueno Line — Dōzaka Line" — Sendagi-Nichōme:■ Route 38::Kishinbori-Shako-mae — "Kōtōbashi Line — Komatsugawa Line — Sunamachi Line — Suzaki Line — Chiyodabashi Line" — Nihombashi:■ Route 39::Waseda — "Edogawa Line — Tomisaka Line — Kiridōshi Line — Umayabashi Line" — Umayabashi:■ Route 40::Shimmeichō-Shako-mae — "Dōzaka Line — Ueno Line — Hondōri Line" — Ginza-Nanachōme:■ Route 41::Shimurabashi — "Shimura Line — Itabashi Line" — Sugamo-Shako-mae