- Quanzhou
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For other uses, see Quanzhou (disambiguation).
Quanzhou
泉州
Chôan-chiu— Prefecture-level city — Chinese transcription(s) – Simplified 泉州 – Traditional – Pinyin Quánzhōu – POJ Chôan-chiu 
Location in China
QuanzhouCoordinates: 24°55′N 118°35′E / 24.917°N 118.583°ECoordinates: 24°55′N 118°35′E / 24.917°N 118.583°E Country China Province Fujian Government – CPC Secretary Xu Gang – Mayor Zhu Ming Area – Prefecture-level city 11,245 km2 (4,341.7 sq mi) – Urban 868 km2 (335.1 sq mi) – Metro 4,233 km2 (1,634.4 sq mi) Population (2010 Census) – Prefecture-level city 8,128,530 – Density 722.9/km2 (1,872.2/sq mi) – Urban 1,398,427 – Urban density 1,611.1/km2 (4,172.7/sq mi) – Metro 6,070,717 – Metro density 1,434.1/km2 (3,714.4/sq mi) Time zone China Standard (UTC+8) Postal code 362000 Area code(s) 595 GDP 2009[1] - Total CNY 300.229 billion (USD 43.99 billion) - Per capita CNY 38,368 (USD 5,622) - Growth 
12.5%License Plate Prefixes 闽C Local Dialect Min Nan: Quanzhou dialect Website www.quanzhou.gov.cn Quanzhou (Chinese: 泉州; pinyin: Quánzhōu; Wade–Giles: Ch'üan2-chou1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chôan-chiu) is a prefecture-level city in Fujian province, People's Republic of China. It borders all other prefecture-level cities in Fujian but two (Ningde and Nanping) and faces the Taiwan Strait. In older English works, its name may appear as Chinchew or Chinchu or Zayton.
The prefecture-level city of Quanzhou has an area of 11,245 km² and, as of 2010 Census, a population of 8,128,530 inhabitants.[2]. It's built up area (Metro) is home to 6,070,617 inhabitants encompassing Licheng, Fengze, Luojiang urban districts ; Jinjiang, Nan'an and Shishi cities ; Hui'an county and Quanzhou District for Taiwanese Investment. Quanzhou is now the 12th Chinese agglomeration based on built up area in 2010.
Contents
Administrative divisions
The prefecture-level city of Quanzhou administers four districts, three county-level cities, four counties, and two special economic districts. The People's Republic of China claims Jinmen County, more widely known as Quemoy, as part of Quanzhou, but the territory is currently under the jurisdiction of the Republic of China.
The information here presented uses the metric system and data from 2010 Census.
English Name Simplified Traditional Pinyin POJ Area Population Density Licheng District 鲤城区 鯉城區 Lǐchéng Qū Lí-siâⁿ-khu 53 368,059 6,946 Fengze District 丰泽区 豐澤區 Fēngzé Qū Hong-te̍k-khu 127 529,640 4,170 Luojiang District 洛江区 洛江區 Luòjiāng Qū Lo̍k-kang-khu 382 187,189 490 Quangang District 泉港区 泉港區 Quán'gǎng Qū Chôan-káng-khu 306 313,539 1024 Shishi City 石狮市 石獅市 Shíshī Shì Chio̍h-sai-chhī 160 636,700 3,979 Jinjiang City 晋江市 晉江市 Jìnjiāng Shì Chìn-kang-chhī 722 1,986,447 2,751 Nan'an City 南安市 南安市 Nánān Shì Lâm-oaⁿ-chhī 2,011 1,418,451 705 Hui'an County 惠安县 惠安縣 Huì'ān Xiàn Hūi-oaⁿ-kōan 720 716,224 995 Anxi County 安溪县 安溪縣 Ānxī Xiàn An-khoe-kōan 2,983 977,432 328 Yongchun County 永春县 永春縣 Yǒngchūn Xiàn Éng-chhun-kōan 1,452 452,217 311 Dehua County 德化县 德化縣 Déhuà Xiàn Tek-hòe-kōan 2,232 277,867 124 Quanzhou Economic Development District 泉州经济开发区 泉州經濟開發區 Quánzhōu Jīngjì Kāifā Qū Chôan-chiu-keng-chè-khui-hoat-khu 20 36,758 1,838 Quanzhou District for Taiwanese Investment 泉州台商投资区 泉州台商投資區 Quánzhōu Táishāng Tóuzī Qū Chôan-chiu-Tâi-siong-tâu-chu-khu 58 228,007 3,931 Geography
Quanzhou is a coastal prefecture bordered by Xiamen sub-provincial city to the south west. It also forms another border with Zhangzhou and Longyan prefecture level city towards the west. Putian and Fuzhou form Quanzhou's northeast border and Sanming forms the northwestern one.
Quanzhou is mountainous and has many rivers and tributaries originating from the interior.Quanzhou have four seasons, spring, summer, autumn and winter.It is temperature range from 0 to 38 degree celsius most area all year around.In summer, there are typhoon, bring rains and some damage to this city.It is suitable for people to live in, never too hot nor too cold.It is called "Coastal Yale"for its fantastic living environment.
History
Quanzhou was established in 718 during the Tang Dynasty (618–907). In those days, Guangzhou was China's greatest seaport, but this status would be surpassed later by Quanzhou. During the Song Dynasty (960–1279) and Yuan Dynasty (1279–1368), Quanzhou was one of the world's largest seaports, hosting a large community of foreign-born inhabitants from across the Eurasian world.
Due to its reputation, Quanzhou has been called the starting point of the Silk Road via the sea. From the Arabic name form of the city, Zayton, the word satin would be minted.[3] Zayton is also the word for olive and the symbol of peace in the Persian Language, Farsi. Quanzhou may have been given this title by the Persians in honour of fact that it was a cultural melting pot at the time due to the trade culture.
In The Travels of Marco Polo, Quanzhou (called Zayton, T'swan-Chau or Chin-Cheu) was listed as the departure point for Marco Polo's expedition to escort the 17-year-old Mongol princess bride Kököchin to her new husband in the Persian Ilkhanate. In 1357 however a military revolt by the local Persian militia led to a ten-year rebellion that resulted in large civilian casualties in Quanzhou.
Of the Chinese Li family in Quanzhou, Li Nu, the son of Li Lu, visited Hormuz in Persia in 1376, converted to Islam, married a Persian girl and brought her back to Quanzhou. Li Nu was the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty reformer Li Chih.[4][5][6]
Quanzhou was an important port in Yuan dynasty, for example Mongol invasion of Java during the reign of Kubilai Khan sailed from this port.[7]
Quanzhou Overseas Relations Museum preserves a number of relics related to the Quanzhou's era as a major seaport. A particularly important exhibit is the so-called Quanzhou ship, a sea-going junk that sunk some time after 1272, and was recovered in 1973–74.[8] Quanzhou is a city has a long history and rich culture. It also has many religions, people believe in different religions from various countries came to Quanzhou in ancient time, especially during Song and Yuan Dynasty. Religions like Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Taoism etc. can be seen here, you can visit different places of interest about these religion in Quanzhou city. It was elected as "Ten Most Charm City in China"in 2004 by CCTV china's first charm city selected activities.
After the Portuguese bribed their way into obtaining a trade mission in Ch' uanchou (Quanzhou), they inflicted savage behaviour against the Chinese. In retaliation, in 1549 the entire Portuguese community of Quanzhou were exterminated by Chinese forces.[9][10][11][12][13]
Quanzhou is also a migration source of many Overseas Chinese living in South East Asia and to Taiwan during the last couple of centuries. About 6 million people whose ancestors were from Quanzhou now live abroad. Most of them live in South East-Asian countries like Singapore, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, or Thailand. One tenth (0,6) of overseas Quanzhounese now live in Hong Kong.
Dialect
Local people speak a variant of Hokkien which is similar to Amoy and Taiwanese. In Mandarin Chinese this dialect is called "Minnan Hua" or "Minnan Yu", which can be translated as "the language of South Fujian". It is essentially the same dialect spoken in Xiamen and Zhangzhou, and it bears little similarity with the official Chinese Mandarin. Many overseas Chinese whose ancestors came from the Quanzhou area, especially those in Southeast Asia, often speak mainly Hokkien at home.
Economy
Quanzhou is a major exporter of agricultural products such as tea, banana, lychee and rice. It is also a major producer of quarry granite and ceramics. Other industries include textiles, footwear, fashion and apparel, packaging, machinery, paper and petrochemicals.[14]
Quanzhou is the biggest automotive market in Fujian; it has the highest number of private automobile possession.[15]
Its GDP ranks first in Fujian Province for 20 years. From 1991 to 2010.In 2008, Quanzhou's textile and apparel production accounts for 10% of China, the production of sports and Tourism shoes accounts for 80% of China, 20% of the world, stone exports account for 50%, resin handicraft exports account for 70% of the country, ceramic exports account for 67% of the country, candy production accounts for 20%.
Different districts and counties in quanzhou have their own special industries which are known to the rest of China. Jinjiang and shishi are famous for Apparel and textile, Huian is famous for its stone, Quangang is famous for petrifaction, Dehua is Ceramics, Yongchun is Citrus, Anxi is WULONG Tea, Nan An is building materials, Fengze is resin.
Jinjiang County, Shishi County, Nanan County, Huian County, Anxi County, these five counties from Quanzhou City have been 100 most powerful economic county in china for many years.Which again shows quanzhou is a developed area in Fujian province, even in China.
Transport
Quanzhou is an important transport hub within south eastern Fujian province. Many export industries in the Fujian interior cities will transport goods to Quanzhou ports. Quanzhou Port was one of the most prosperous port in Tang Dynasty while now still an important one for exporting. Quanzhou is also connected by major roads from Fuzhou to the north and Xiamen to the south. Jinjiang Domestic Airport is Quanzhou's airport servicing flights within Fujian province and other destinations. Quanzhou is connected to the rest of China through relatively new high-speed train network. Trains to Xiamen take under 45 minutes, making it a convenient weekend or day trip. Long-distance bus services also run daily/nightly to Shenzhen and other major cities.
Colleges and universities
- Huaqiao University (national)
- Yang-en University (private)
- Quanzhou Normal University (public)
- Quanzhou Medical College (public)
- Liming Vocational University(public)
Culture
Quanzhou is one of the twenty-four famous historic cultural cities first approved by the Chinese Government.
- Liyuan Opera (梨园戏)
- Puppet Show (提线木偶戏)
- Gaojia Opera (高甲戏)
- Dacheng Opera (打城戏)
Notable Historical and cultural sites (the 18 views of Quanzhou as recommended by the Fujian tourism board) include:
- Qing Yuan mountain(青远山) - The tallest hill within the city limits, which hosts a great view of West lake.
- East Lake Park (东湖) - Located in the city center. It is home to a small zoo.
- West lake Park(西湖公园) - The largest body of fresh water within the city limits.
- Kai Yuan Temple (开元庙) - A very old and famous pair of giant stone pagodas surrounded by temples and wonderful gardens and trees.
- Ashab Mosque (涂门街) - One of the oldest Mosques in the world and the only one build in that century.
Notable Modern cultural sites include:
- Fengze Square - Located in the city center and acts as a venue for shows and events
- Da Ping Shan - The second tallest hill within in the city limits, crowned with a enormous statue of a famous general riding a horse.
- The Embassy Lounge - Situated in the "1916 Cultural Ideas Zone" which acts as a platform for mixing traditional Chinese art with modern building techniques and designs. It also acts as the unofficial headquarters for the expats of Quanzhou.
Notable products
- Dehua Porcelain (德化瓷器)
- Huian Stoneware (惠安石刻)
- Anxi Tieguanyin (安溪铁观音)
- Quanzhou Shaolin Five Ancestors Fist(泉州五祖拳)
- Yongchun Martial Arts (永春白鹤拳)
The city hosted the Sixth National Peasants' Games in 2008.
Quanzhou is also the birthplace of the actress Yao Chen.
References
- ^ "泉州市2009年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (in Simplified Chinese). Quanzhou Municipal Statistic Bureau. 2010-03-08. http://www.fjqz.gov.cn/7608377322294E8E93672BCABC6A102C/2010-03-08/03E74FC1B331A4DEEC3BB25B8659EEF7.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
- ^ (Chinese) Compilation by LianXin website. Data from the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China
- ^ Tellier, Luc-Normand (2009). Urban world history: an economic and geographical perspective. Presses de l'Université du Québec. p. 221. ISBN 9782760515888. http://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&pg=PA221&lpg=PA221&dq=zayton+satin&source=bl&ots=W2lNjq5OyG&sig=9dXMvNXSC54EKeCrg57S2WSpft8&hl=sv&ei=7cnyTIXLHsKeOu6-7fUJ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=zayton%20satin&f=false. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
- ^ Association for Asian studies (Ann Arbor;Michigan) (1976). A-L, Volumes 1-2. Columbia University Press. p. 817. ISBN 0231038011, 9780231038010. http://books.google.com/books?id=067On0JgItAC&pg=PA817&dq=ch'ang+fond+persian+girl&hl=en&ei=5wEsTJesKMT_lgfR5KHnCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFwQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=li%20nu%20married%20an%20arab%20or%20persian%20girl&f=false. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
- ^ Chen, Da-Sheng. "CHINESE-IRANIAN RELATIONS vii. Persian Settlements in Southeastern China during the T'ang, Sung, and Yuan Dynasties". Encyclopedia Iranica. http://www.iranica.com/articles/chinese-iranian-vii. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
- ^ Joseph Needham (1971). Science and civilisation in China, Volume 4. Cambridge University Press. p. 495. ISBN 0521070600, 9780521070607. http://books.google.com/books?id=l6TVhvYLaEwC&pg=PA495&dq=li+nu+persian+girl&hl=en&ei=kw8sTKShEsP7lwespayLCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=li%20nu%20persian%20girl&f=false. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
- ^ Sen, Tan Ta; Dasheng Chen (2009). Cheng Ho and Islam in Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 186. ISBN 9812308377, 9789812308375. http://books.google.com.my/books?id=vIUmU2ytmIIC.
- ^ Quanzhou Overseas-relations History Museum
- ^ Ernest S. Dodge (1976). Islands and Empires: Western Impact on the Pacific and East Asia. Volume 7 of Europe and the World in Age of Expansion. U of Minnesota Press. p. 226. ISBN 0816608539. http://books.google.com/books?id=B9jOp9SlQIwC&pg=PA226&dq=The+Portuguese,+who+considered+all+Eastern+peoples+legitimate+prey,+established+trading+settlements+at+Ningpo+and+in+Fukien,+but+both+were+wiped+out+by+massacres+in+1545+and+1549.&hl=en&ei=_C2fTurjFqrb0QHx9NytCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20Portuguese%2C%20who%20considered%20all%20Eastern%20peoples%20legitimate%20prey%2C%20established%20trading%20settlements%20at%20Ningpo%20and%20in%20Fukien%2C%20but%20both%20were%20wiped%20out%20by%20massacres%20in%201545%20and%201549.&f=false. Retrieved 18 October 2011. "The Portuguese, who considered all Eastern peoples legitimate prey, established trading settlements at Ningpo and in Fukien, but both were wiped out by massacres in 1545 and 1549. For some years the Portuguese were second only to the"
- ^ Kenneth Scott Latourette (1964). The Chinese, their history and culture, Volumes 1-2 (4, reprint ed.). Macmillan. p. 235. http://books.google.com/books?ei=gzCfTsmcFYXI0AGv6PySCQ&ct=result&id=MkBwAAAAMAAJ&dq=A+settlement+which+the+Portuguese+established+near+Ningpo+was+wiped+out+by+a+massacre+%281545%29%2C+and+a+similar+fate+overtook+a+trading+colony+in+Fukien+%281549%29.+For+a+time+the+Portuguese+retained+a+precarious+tenure+only+on+islands+south+of+Canton&q=Ningpo+massacre+1545. Retrieved 18 July 2011. "A settlement which the Portuguese established near Ningpo was wiped out by a massacre (1545), and a similar fate overtook a trading colony in Fukien (1549). For a time the Portuguese retained a precarious tenure only on islands south of Canton"(the University of Michigan)
- ^ Kenneth Scott Latourette (1942). The Chinese, their history and culture, Volumes 1-2 (2 ed.). Macmillan. p. 313. http://books.google.com/books?ei=4TCfTpa8NKby0gHktryACQ&ct=result&id=ixAhAAAAMAAJ&dq=A+settlement+which+the+Portuguese+established+near+Ningpo+was+wiped+out+by+a+massacre+%281545%29%2C+and+a+similar+fate+overtook+a+trading+colony+in+Fukien+%281549%29.+For+a+time+the+Portuguese+retained+a+precarious+tenure+only+on+islands+south+of+Canton&q=ningpo+massacre+1545. Retrieved 18 July 2011. "A settlement which the Portuguese established near Ningpo was wiped out by a massacre (1545), and a similar fate overtook a trading colony in Fukien (1549). For a time the Portuguese retained a precarious tenure only on islands south of Canton"(the University of Michigan)
- ^ John William Parry (1969). Spices: The story of spices. The spices described. Volume 1 of Spices. Chemical Pub. Co.. p. 102. http://books.google.com/books?id=llo-AQAAIAAJ&q=The+Portuguese+succeeded+in+establishing+a+settlement+near+Ningpo+which+was+wiped+out+by+massacre+in+1545;+another+Portuguese+settlement+in+Fukien+province+met+a+similar+fate+in+1549,+but+they+finally+succeeded+in+establishing+a&dq=The+Portuguese+succeeded+in+establishing+a+settlement+near+Ningpo+which+was+wiped+out+by+massacre+in+1545;+another+Portuguese+settlement+in+Fukien+province+met+a+similar+fate+in+1549,+but+they+finally+succeeded+in+establishing+a&hl=en&ei=lzGfTrWnGsL40gGyh-2JCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA. Retrieved 18 July 2011. "The Portuguese succeeded in establishing a settlement near Ningpo which was wiped out by massacre in 1545; another Portuguese settlement in Fukien province met a similar fate in 1549, but they finally succeeded in establishing a"(the University of California)
- ^ Witold Rodziński (1983). A history of China, Volume 1 (illustrated ed.). Pergamon Press. p. 203. ISBN 0080218067. http://books.google.com/books?ei=pjGfTvKME-H20gG_68DzCA&ct=result&id=X63tAAAAMAAJ&dq=In+1545+the+Portuguese+colony+in+Ningpo+was+completely+wiped+out+after+three+years+of+existence+and+later%2C+in+1+549%2C+the+same+fate+met+the+settlement+in+Ch%27+iianchou.+Somewhat+later%2C+the+Portuguese+did+succeed+finally+in+gaining&q=1545+wiped. Retrieved 18 July 2011. "A further attempt was made by the Portuguese in 1 522 by Af fonso de Mello Coutinho which also suffered defeat. In spite of these initial setbacks the Portuguese succeeded, probably by bribing local officials, in establishing themselves in Ningpo (Chekiang) and in Ch' uanchou (Fukien), where considerable trade with the Chinese was developed. In both cases, however, the unspeakably brutal behavious of the Portuguese caused a revulsion of Chinese feeling against the newcomers. In 1545 the Portuguese colony in Ningpo was completely wiped out after three years of existence and later, in 1 549, the same fate met the settlement in Ch' iianchou. Somewhat later, the Portuguese did succeed finally in gaining"(the University of Michigan)
- ^ Quanzhou, Fujian. InJ. R. Logan (Ed.), The new Chinese city: Globalization and market reform (pp. 227-245). Oxford: Blackwell
- ^ KFC, McDonald's to Open Drive-in Restaurants in Quanzhou SinoCast China Business Daily News. London (UK): Aug 23, 2007. pg. 1
- Brown, Bill (2004). Mystic Quanzhou: City of Light. Xiamen, China: Xiamen University Press.
External links
- Government website of Quanzhou (in Simplified Chinese)
Fujian topics General Geography Cities • Jiulong River • Min River • Wuyi Mountains • East China Sea • South China Sea • Haitan IslandEducation Huaqiao University • Xiamen University • Jimei University • Xiamen University of Technology • Longyan University • Putian UniversityCulture Cuisine Visitor attractions Fujian Province county-level divisions Fuzhou: Gulou District · Taijiang District · Cangshan District · Mawei District · Jin'an District · Fuqing City · Changle City · Minhou County · Lianjiang County · Luoyuan County · Minqing County · Yongtai County · Pingtan County
Fujian in China
Xiamen: Siming District · Haicang District · Huli District · Jimei District · Tong'an District · Xiang'an District
Nanping: Yanping District · Shaowu · Wuyishan City · Jian'ou City · Jianyang · Shunchang County · Pucheng County · Guangze County · Songxi County · Zhenghe County
Sanming: Meilie District · Sanyuan District · Yong'an City · Mingxi County · Qingliu County · Ninghua County · Datian County · Youxi County · Sha County · Jiangle County · Taining County · Jianning County
Putian: Chengxiang District · Hanjiang District · Licheng District · Xiuyu District · Xianyou County
Quanzhou: Licheng District · Fengze District · Luojiang District · Quangang District · Shishi City · Jinjiang City · Nan'an City · Hui'an County · Anxi County · Yongchun County · Dehua County · Kinmen*
Zhangzhou: Xiangcheng District · Longwen District · Longhai · Yunxiao County · Zhangpu County · Zhao'an County · Changtai County · Dongshan County · Nanjing County · Pinghe County · Hua'an County
Longyan: Xinluo District · Zhangping City · Changting County · Yongding County · Shanghang County · Wuping County · Liancheng County
Ningde: Jiaocheng District · Fu'an City · Fuding City · Shouning County · Xiapu County · Zherong County · Pingnan County · Gutian County · Zhouning County■ = Sub-provincial city ■ = Prefecture-level city
*Kinmen is administered as a county by the Republic of China, but claimed by the PRC.Categories:
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