Film memorabilia

Film memorabilia consist of objects considered of value because of their connection to the cinema. These include costumes, props, advertising posters, and scripts, among other things. Fans have always coveted memorabilia, but in recent years, what was once a hobby has mushroomed into big business, with millions of dollars changing hands in auctions held by such top firms as Christie's and Sotheby's. In addition, many popular films have their collectible items sold via independent, online movie memorabilia stores, web auctions, and at film studio charity events.^[1][2]

History of collecting

In the early days, most people sought autographs or original photographs or posters. Collectors had to rely on a handful of news magazines that were full of various sellers offering mail order catalogues or asking to buy bulk lots, or particular items of interest. Occasionally, events would be organized which were structured around a live auction — these, while fewer in number today, still occur, and one can still buy memorabilia in person from trusted sellers on-site. The community was also fairly fragmented, with collectors and dealers spread out across the globe and no real consistent and reliable way to communicate with one another.

Movie studios were slow to recognize the value of their property,^[3] stored or reused after their use in their initial productions. Often, workers would just take souvenirs or sell items without permission, aware that their employers did not particularly care.^[3] One of the more notorious of these was costumer Kent Warner, who amassed a large private collection and made money from interested buyers. One of his friends claimed that Warner rescued Humphrey Bogart's Casablanca trench coat, which had been slated for burning.^[4]

The turning point came in 1970. Kirk Kerkorian had bought MGM the year before and installed James Thomas Aubrey, Jr. as president.^[5] As part of his cost-cutting measures,^[5] Aubrey decided to auction off hundreds of thousands of items. The success of this mammoth event made people take notice.

1970 MGM auction

MGM sold the contents of seven sound stages^[6] "for a mere $1.5 million" to auctioneer David Weisz.^[7] There were over 350,000 costumes alone.^[6] Weisz hired Kent Warner to help catalog and prepare for the auction.^[4] In the course of his work, Warner found several pairs of the ruby slippers from The Wizard of Oz (it was common practice to make multiple copies of important props). One pair became the centerpiece of the event and sold for a then-unheard-of $15,000 (Warner kept or sold an unknown number of other pairs).

Actress Debbie Reynolds spent $180,000^[4] and "purchased thousands of items",^[8] the beginning of her large collection.^[9] Weisz "recouped eight times" what he paid "from eager nostalgia enthusiasts."^[7]

Among the items sold were:

• the Cowardly Lion costume from The Wizard of Oz
• the time machine from the 1960 The Time Machine
• the 82 inch^[10] and 22 inch^[11] (diameter) models of the "United Planets Cruiser C-57D" from Forbidden Planet
• Johnny Weissmuller's Tarzan loincloth^[6]

The unsold items, "... truckloads of costume sketches, movie stills and other memorabilia were sent to the M-G-M Grand Hotel in Las Vegas to be sold in the gift shop and used as hotel decorations."^[12] The auction catalogs have now themselves become sought-after collectibles.

2011 Debbie Reynolds auctions

Debbie Reynolds' collection is to be sold by Profiles in History in a series of auctions from June to December 2011.^[13] Among the items to be put up for bid in the first of these auctions are^[13]:

• Marilyn Monroe's "subway dress", whose skirt is raised by the updraft of a passing subway train in The Seven Year Itch.
• one of Charlie Chaplin's trademark bowler hats
• an Arabian motif early version of the ruby slippers from The Wizard of Oz
• Audrey Hepburn's Ascot dress and hat from My Fair Lady
• Charlton Heston's tunic, robe, and accessories from Ben-Hur

On June 18, 2011, the subway dress was sold for $4.6 million, far in excess of pre-auction estimates of $1-2 million.^[14] Another Monroe dress, worn in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, fetched $1.2 million; it had been expected to go for $200,000 to $300,000.^[14] Estimated at $60,000 to $80,000, a blue cotton dress Judy Garland used in test shots for The Wizard of Oz went for $910,000.^[14]

Influence of the internet

In the early days of the internet, the larger community began to get in touch with one another through UseNet newsgroups (for example, alt.binaries.pictures.movie-posters). As the internet grew, collectors began communicating in ways never thought possible. In 1995, popular on-line email group MoPo was formed, creating a central place for people to keep in touch about things and events important to the community. This group continues to provide information to new and old collectors alike.

By 1997, the community had changed forever; eBay was quickly becoming the alternative marketplace after two years of steady growth. Professional sellers took notice, causing many of them to close their bricks-and-mortar businesses and focus their attention completely on internet sites and the future of the on-line marketplace.

In the early days of internet selling, prices varied widely. One could find posters normally valued in the hundreds of dollars selling for twenty dollars, or, alternatively, find posters normally valued at twenty dollars going for a hundred, or more. Today, the market place for film memorabilia has mostly stabilised. While one can still see a rare film poster go for large amounts, it is far more common to find that items are priced either at or near market value, or are bid up to that point.

Types

• Film posters
• Lobby cards
• Still photos
• Autographs
• Film props
• Costumes
• Pressbooks and presskits
• Programmes
• Heralds
• Glass slides
• Industry magazines and related material
• Scripts, storyboards, and original concept art
• Promotional material of any kind
• Commercial collectibles

Examples

See also: List of film memorabilia

• Several pairs of the ruby slippers from The Wizard of Oz are known to exist. One pair is on permanent display at the National Museum of American History, several others are in the hands of private collectors, and one pair was stolen in 2005. The last auction price, in 2000, was $666,000. Also, the black hat belonging to the Wicked Witch of the West sold for $33,000 in 1988^[4] and $197,400 in 2008.^[15]

• There were several statuettes made for the 1941 The Maltese Falcon - two lead ones weighting 47 pounds (21 kg) each, and a seven pound (3.2 kg), more finely crafted, resin model - all handled by Humphrey Bogart. Christie's auctioned off one of the lead ones on December 6, 1994 for $398,500 to Ronald Winston, president of Harry Winston, Inc.^[16]

• In 1988, a Japanese company, on behalf of an unnamed client, outbid Donald Trump for the piano used in the Paris flashback in Casablanca (another one was used to play "As Time Goes By" in a later scene), paying $154,000.^[4]

• Audrey Hepburn was not only a celebrated actress, but also a fashion icon. In 2006, her "little black dress" from Breakfast at Tiffany's (plus a few other minor items) fetched £467,200 ($923,187) for the City of Joy Foundation.^[17] Three years later, another Hepburn dress, this time from How to Steal a Million, reaped $97,700.^[18]

• Steven Spielberg paid $60,500 (including 10% commission) in 1981 for a "Rosebud" sled from Citizen Kane. Orson Welles stated in a telephone interview that there were three made of balsa (as is Spielberg's purchase) which were intended to be burned in the final scene, and one made of hardwood for the opening.^[19] Welles commented, "I'm sure it could be true" of an Anchorage, Alaska man's claim to have the hardwood one.^[19]

• The white suit worn by John Travolta in Saturday Night Fever was purchased by film critic Gene Siskel in a charity auction.^[20]

Storage recommendations

Safe and secure storage of any memorabilia should include an environment free of acids, moisture or other treatments that may degrade or damage the piece. A lobby card or poster, for instance, should be stored in a binder of pH neutral clear bags, or in individual acid-free clear bags, or framed with "archival" methods. It is generally best to ensure minimal contact with any material that may contain acid or other corrosive chemicals; of note is that such common, commercially-available materials as cardboard are very often acidic, and in that case should never be used to store or back memorabilia, especially paper memorabilia.

When framing memorabilia, it is also considered best to use a shop or framer who guarantees a complete "archival" process from start to finish. Archival methods are designed with an eye towards preserving the piece. This generally includes UV-blocking conservation glass to prevent fading and acid-free and lignin-free mats and backing.

There are several kinds of conservation glass, ranging from the slightly-fuzzy "non-glare" to the clear and reflection-resistant "museum" type. These different types of glass vary greatly in price both from each other and from region to region, but modern conservation glasses all offer equal UV protection, and thus which glass one chooses to use is more a matter of taste and budget than anything else. While oil paintings, acrylic paintings, many statues and figures, and certain mixed media pieces can be framed without glass, it is advisable to frame any cloth or paper piece (including photos, posters, maps, etc.) under glass. Additionally, it is very important to prevent the glass from touching the piece, as any moisture that gathers on the inside of the glass could easily be transferred to the memorabilia, and cause mold, mildew or water damage (for instance, brown spots known as "foxing" can appear on water-damaged paper); however, glass is easily kept away from a piece by the use of plastic spacers or by paper mats, the latter of which can even be used to hold the piece in place without the use of glue or tape on the piece itself.

It is not generally recommended that pieces be glued or taped down (though cloth pieces can usually be sewn down safely), as many commercially available glues are not acid-free and can be difficult to remove later; masking tape, for instance, often leaves yellow-brown marks over time on paper pieces and is also somewhat difficult to remove. In addition to the problems of acidity or removal, improperly-spread glue can cause rippling or buckling in paper. It is generally more advisable to hold a piece in place with mats (which can be hinged to the backing so that they rest on, rather than stick on, the piece), mylar photo corners, acid-free thread or clear plastic cords than it is to glue or tape it to the backing.

References

1. ^ Ian Mohr Daily Variety. Reed Business Information February 27, 2006 "Movie props on the block: Mouse to auction Miramax leftovers"
2. ^ David James People Magazine Time, Inc. February 24, 2007 "Bid on Dreamgirls Costumes for Charity"
3. ^ ^{a b} Larry Rohter (May 26, 1990). "Once Movie Trash, Now Collectible". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/26/movies/once-movie-trash-now-collectible.html?pagewanted=all. 
4. ^ ^{a b c d e} Rhys Thomas (March 13, 1988). "The Ruby Slippers: A Journey to the Land of Oz". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1988-03-13/entertainment/ca-1511_1_ruby-slipper. 
5. ^ ^{a b} Eric Pace (September 12, 1994). "James Aubrey Jr., 75, TV and Film Executive". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/12/obituaries/james-aubrey-jr-75-tv-and-film-executive.html?pagewanted=1. 
6. ^ ^{a b c} "Collecting Entertainment Memorabilia". Julien's Auctions. http://www.juliensauctions.com/collectors-guide/entertainment-memorabilia.html. Retrieved April 25, 2010. 
7. ^ ^{a b} David Gritten (April 22, 2010). "MGM bankruptcy: lion's roar has long been a whimper". Telegraph.co.uk. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/7618260/MGM-bankruptcy-lions-roar-has-long-been-a-whimper.html. 
8. ^ "Biography". debbiereynolds.com. http://www.debbiereynolds.com/debbie-reynolds-biography.htm. Retrieved April 28, 2010. 
9. ^ "Interview with Debbie Reynolds". KCTS-9. http://kcts9.org/programs/productions/conversations/transcript/dreynolds. Retrieved April 28, 2010. 
10. ^ "Orig flying saucer miniature from Forbidden Planet". liveauctioneers.com. http://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/5966041. Retrieved April 28, 2010. 
11. ^ Ted A. Bohus. "Wes Shank Interview". monsters411.com. http://www.monsters411.com/wesshank.html. Retrieved April 28, 2010. 
12. ^ Aljean Harmetz (March 24, 1987). "FILM HISTORY BEING LOST BY OVERSIGHT AND PLAN". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/24/movies/film-history-being-lost-by-oversight-and-plan.html?pagewanted=1. 
13. ^ ^{a b} Jay Stone (February 27, 2011). "Marilyn Monroe's skirt going up - on auction block". Vancouver Sun. http://www.vancouversun.com/entertainment/movie-guide/Marilyn+Monroe+skirt+going+auction+block/4352729/story.html. 
14. ^ ^{a b c} "Marilyn Monroe "subway" dress sells for $4.6 million". Reuters. June 19, 2011. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/19/us-monroe-idUSTRE75I2NM20110619. Retrieved June 19, 2011. 
15. ^ Monte Burke (December 3, 2008). "Inside The Search For Dorothy's Slippers". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2008/12/03/wizard-slippers-collection-forbeslife-cx_mb_1203slippers.html. Retrieved April 28, 2010. 
16. ^ "Maltese Falcon Prop Sells For $398,500 At Auction". Orlando Sentinel. December 7, 1994. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1994-12-07/news/9412070081_1_maltese-falcon-ronald-winston-harry-winston-jewelry. 
17. ^ "Audrey Hepburn Breakfast At Tiffany's, 1961". Christie's. http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=4832498. Retrieved April 25, 2010. 
18. ^ "Audrey Hepburn's Givenchy Dress Sold For Nearly $100,000 at London Auction". Associated Press. http://www.artknowledgenews.com/2009-12-10-21-42-11-audrey-hepburns-givenchy-dress-sold-for-nearly-100-000-at-london-auction.html. Retrieved April 25, 2010. 
19. ^ ^{a b} Robert E. Kessler. "A 'Rosebud' of any other wood may still be genuine". Anchorage Daily News. http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1828&dat=19820624&id=8fApAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WacEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4759,8756180. 
20. ^ Roger Ebert (March 7, 1999). "Saturday Night Fever (1977)". rogerebert.com. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19990307/REVIEWS08/401010357/1023. Retrieved April 22, 2010. 

External links

• Discover a Hobby: Learn About Movie Memorabilia Collecting