La Rioja Province (Argentina)

Geobox|Province
name = La Rioja


symbol_type = Coat of arms
symbol = Escudo COA La Rioja province argentina.gif
coordinates_type = adm1st
lat_d = |lat_m = |lat_NS = S
long_d = |long_m = |long_EW = W
part_type = Divisions
part = 18 departments
capital = La Rioja
area = 89680
population = 289983
population_as_of = 2001
population_density = 3.23
leader_type = Governor
leader = Luis Beder Herrera
leader1_type = Senators
leader1 = Ada Maza, Carlos Menem, Teresita Quintela
free_type = Demonym
free = "Riojano"


iso_code = AR
iso_subcode = F
website = http://www.larioja.gov.ar

La Rioja is a one of the provinces of Argentina and is located in the west of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Catamarca, Córdoba, San Luis and San Juan.

Among Argentines it is famous and infamous as the province where former president and controversial figure Carlos Menem was governor and "caudillo".

History

Petroglyphs at the Talampaya National Park dated around 10,000 years BCE set original inhabitants long before the arrival of the Spanish conquerors. When they arrived to La Rioja in the 16th century they found the diaguitas, capayanes and the olongastas.

Juan Ramírez de Velazco founded "Todos los Santos de la Nueva Rioja" in 1591 under the government of Tucumán of the Viceroyalty of Peru. In 1630 there was an uprising of the Calchaquíes aborigins that was finished by governor Albornoz.

In 1783, after the creation of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata the control of the province of 10,000 inhabitants passed to the Córdoba indendency. The province acquired independence from Córdoba in 1820. Following attempts by Argentina's first elected President, Bernardino Rivadavia, to impose a centralist constitution, the figure of the caudillo Juan Facundo Quiroga emerged as a popular leader in touch with La Rioja locals' preference for more autonomy, something they preserved even following Quiroga's 1835 murder. After a period of internal instability in Argentina, the province finally joined the "Argentine Confederation" in 1853. The wave of immigration Argentina experienced between 1880 and 1930 was less in evidence in La Rioja than in other Argentine provinces. Among the few to adventure to the province were Syrians and Lebanese immigrants. The most well-known of these are probably the Menem family, Syrian immigrants who settled in La Rioja in the 1920s. The newcomer, Saul Menem, prospered as a traveling salesman and his eldest son, Carlos Menem, became a stauch Peronist as a young man, becoming active in La Rioja politics. Elected governor in March, 1973, he implemented a number of reforms advocated by activists in touch with the province's poor, rural majority, particularly those of Bishop Enrique Angelelli.

Removed and imprisoned following President Isabel Peron's March, 1976, ouster, he was kept in illegal confinement until the end of 1980, reportedly tortured in the process. La Rioja, for its part, some of the subsequent dictatorship's worst repression, including the brutal, August, 1976, murder of Bishop Angelelli. Overwhelmingly returned to office when democracy was restored in 1983, Gov. Menem pursued more conservative policies, leveraging La Rioja's dry, agreeable climate, its modest wage scale and skilled work-force to successfully attract La Rioja's first significant presence of light industry, particularly bottling and food-processing.

Presiding over a growing La Rioja economy even as the nation's languished during the 1980s, Menem secured the Peronist Justicialist Party nomination in May, 1988, defeating popular Buenos Aires Province Governor Antonio Cafiero in an upset.

President of Argentina between 1989 and 1999, Menem steered billions in federal public works spending into La Rioja and though the province remains less developed than average in Argentina, it's economy today compares favorably with those of its neighbors.

Geography and climate

Located in the Argentine Northwest area, its landscape is arid to semi-arid, and the dry climate receives annually 200 mm of precipitations, has short winters and very hot summers.

From the Andes at the west, with peaks of up to 6,795 meters ("Monte Pissis"), the relief's height descents towards the sierras of the neighbouring dry Pampas zone.

The Talampaya National Park is a dry red-soil canyon of the ancient extinguished Talampaya river, which contains many walls and rock formations that make it an interesting tourist destination.

Economy

La Rioja's economy, estimated at US$1.8 billion in 2006, is the second-smallest among Argentina's provinces. [ [http://iader.org.ar/ I.A.D.E.R ] ] Its per capita output of US$6,280, though about 30% below the national average, makes it the most well-developed in northern Argentina.

Its economy is, likewise, very well-diversified. Agriculture (long limited by La Rioja's dry, mountainous terrain) adds less than 5% to its output. La Rioja's agriculture (as well as cities) lays on the shore of the few permanents rivers and oasis that allow irrigation, with only 190 square kilometres of cultivated land. Vineyards, nuts and olive plantations are the most common, followed by cotton.

The province's main crop is the grape, and its associated wine production, specially around the Chilecito area, with a production of 8 million litres per year.

Cattle (250,000 heads) and goats (150,000 heads) are secondary activities, particularly for skin and leather. Clay represents the main mining activity, and uranium is also extracted near "El Colorado".

Manufacturing in La Rioja has expanded considerably since Gov. Menem began attracting investment into the province, after 1983. Limited mostly to light industry like bottling and food processing, it, nevertheless, adds about 20% to La Rioja's output. Tourism is, likewise, an expanding activity. Besides the Talampaya National Park, tourists visiting La Rioja usually go also to the Chilecito town, "Cerro de La Cruz", "Termas de Santa Teresita" hot springs and the village of "Villa Sanagasta".

La Rioja's development plan is being designed by Proyectos Innovadores

Political division

The province is divided in 18 departments (Spanish departamentos).

# Arauco (Aimogasta)
# Capital (La Rioja)
# Castro Barros (Aminga)
# Chamical (Chamical)
# Chilecito (Chilecito)
# Coronel Felipe Varela (Villa Unión)
# Famatina (Famatina)
# General ángel Vicente Peñaloza (Tama)
# General Belgrano (Olta)
# General Juan Facundo Quiroga (Malazán)
# General Lamadrid (Villa Castelli)
# General Ocampo (Milagro)
# General San Martín (Ulapes)
# Independencia (Patquía)
# Rosario Vera Peñaloza (Chepes)
# San Blas (San Blas)
# Sanagasta (Sanagasta)
# Vinchina (Vinchina)

ee also

*1894 San Juan earthquake

References

External links

* [http://www.larioja.gov.ar/ Gobierno de La Rioja] Official website