# Gross tonnage

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Gross tonnage

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Gross Tonnage, along with Net Tonnage, was defined by "The International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969", adopted by the International Maritime Organization in 1969, and came into force on July 18, 1982. These two measurements replaced Gross Register Tonnage (GRT) and Net Register Tonnage (NRT). Gross Tonnage is calculated based on "the moulded volume of all enclosed spaces of the ship" and is used to determine things such as a ship's manning regulations, safety rules, registration fees and port dues, whereas the older Gross Register Tonnage is a measure of the volume of certain enclosed spaces.

History

The International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969 was adopted by IMO in 1969.International Maritime Organization, 1982.] The Convention mandated a transition from the former measurements of gross register tonnage (grt) and net register tonnage (nrt) to Gross Tonnage (GT) and Net Tonnage (NT). It was the first successful attempt to introduce a universal tonnage measurement system.

Various methods were previously used to calculate merchant ship tonnage, but they differed significantly and one single international system was needed. Previous methods traced back to George Moorsom of Great Britain's Board of Trade who devised one such method in 1854.

The tonnage determination rules apply to all ships built on or after July 18, 1982. Ships built before that date were given 12 years to migrate from their existing gross register tonnage (GRT) to use of GT and NT. The phase-in period was provided to allow ships time to adjust economically, since tonnage is the basis for satisfying manning regulations and safety rules. Tonnage is also the basis for calculating registration fees and port dues. One of the Convention's goals was to ensure that the new calculated tonnages "did not differ too greatly" from the traditional gross and net register tonnages.

Both GT and NT are obtained by measuring ship's volume and then applying a mathematical formula. Gross Tonnage is based on "the moulded volume of all enclosed spaces of the ship" whereas Net Tonnage is based on "the moulded volume of all cargo spaces of the ship." In addition, a ship's net tonnage is constrained to be no less than 30% of her gross tonnage.

Calculation

The Gross tonnage calculation is defined in Regulation 3 of Annex 1 of " [http://www.admiraltylawguide.com/conven/tonnage1969.html The International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969] ". It is based on two variables:

* "V", the ship's total volume in cubic meters (m³), and
* "K", a multiplier based on the ship volume.

The value of the multiplier "K" varies in accordance with a ship's total volume (in cubic metres) and is applied as a kind of reduction factor in determining the gross tonnage value - which does not have a unit such as cubic metres or tons. For smaller ships, "K" is smaller, for larger ships, "K" is larger. "K" ranges from 0.22 to 0.32 and is calculated with a formula which uses the common or base-10 logarithm:

:$K = 0.2 + 0.02 imes log_\left\{10\right\}\left(V\right),$

Once "V" and "K" are known, Gross Tonnage is calculated using the formula, whereby GT is a function of V :

:$GT = K imes V,$

As an example, we can calculate the gross tonnage of a ship with 10,000 m³ total volume.:$K = 0.2 + 0.02 imes log_\left\{10\right\}\left(V\right),$::$= 0.2 + 0.02 imes log_\left\{10\right\}\left(10,000\right),$::$= 0.2 + 0.02 imes 4,$::$= 0.2 + 0.08,$::$= 0.28,$

Then the gross tonnage is calculated:

:$GT = K imes V,$::$= 0.28 imes 10,000,$::$= 2,800,$

Notes

References

*cite web
title= International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969
accessdate= 2008-03-23
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date=1969-06-23
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*cite web
url= http://www.imo.org/Conventions/contents.asp?topic_id=259&doc_id=685
title=International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969
accessdate= 2008-03-23
accessdaymonth=
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author=International Maritime Organization
last=
first=
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date=
year= 2002
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publisher= International Maritime Organization
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* cite book
last = Turpin
first = Edward A.
coauthors = McEwen, William A.
editor =
others =
title = Merchant Marine Officers' Handbook
origdate =
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url =
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edition = 4th
series =
date =
year = 1980
month =
publisher =Cornell Maritime Press
location = Centreville, MD
language =
isbn = 0-87038-056-X
oclc =
doi =
id =
pages =
chapter =
chapterurl =
quote =

ee also

* Tonnage
* Gross Register Tonnage
* Ton
* Light ship displacement

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