Beacon Hill, Warnford, Hampshire

:" There are two hills in Hampshire called Beacon Hill; the other one is near Burghclere

Beacon Hill, Warnford, Hampshire is a chalk hill in the South Downs on the boundary of the parishes of Warnford and Exton. Part of the hill is a National Nature Reserve and convert|44.8|ha|acre biological SSSI, first notified in 1979.

The hill

Location

The hill lies to the west of the village of Warnford, to the west of the Meon Valley and opposite Old Winchester Hill. It gives a commanding view over the Hampshire Basin to the south, from the lower Itchen Valley and New Forest, the Solent and Isle of Wight and round to Portsdown Hill (over which the top of Portsmouth's Spinnaker Tower can be seen). On the western side the view takes in the Meon Valley including Meonstoke and West Meon, and the South Downs including Old Winchester Hill and Butser Hill. The spire of Privett church can be seen to the north.

The hill is crossed by two long distance footpaths, the South Downs Way and the Monarch's Way. Due to the fragile nature of the thin chalk soils there has been much controversy over routing. At present there are temporary routes to the north of the main summit via Warnford, and to the south via Exton. [cite web|url=http://www.countryside.gov.uk/LAR/archive/presscentre/press_200408.asp |publisher=Countryside Agency |title=South Downs Way Public Inquiry 2004|accessdate=2008-04-01] [cite web|url=http://www.nationaltrail.co.uk/Southdowns/article.asp?ArticleId=3&PageId=3 |publisher=Natural England |title=South Downs Way - Latest news on the route across the Meon Valley|accessdate=2008-04-01]

I

The site consists of the steep slopes of a chalk spur on the western side of the Meon valley, covered by chalk grassland, beech / ash / hazel woodland and chalk scrub. There are two separate parts, which are not joined to each other. The main section centred on gbmapping|SU603227 consists of two divisions: convert|16.2|ha|acre of Beaconhill Beeches (mixed broadleaved and yew woodland), and convert|23.54|ha|acre of chalk grassland. The smaller, separate northern section (centred on gbmapping|SU604234) is a strip of grassland on a north-facing slope of the northern of the hill's two eastern spurs.

The grassland at the site has sheep's fescue ("Festuca ovina"), salad burnet ("Sanguisorba minor") and common rock-rose ("Helianthemum nummularium") as its dominant species. Other species present are Horseshoe Vetch ("Hippocrepis comosa"), yellow-wort ("Blackstonia perfoliata"), fragrant orchid ("Gymnadenia conopsea") and clustered bellflower ("Campanula glomerata").

The grassland supports several rarer species - rampion ("Phyteuma tenerum"), field fleawort ("Senecio integrifolius"), hairy rock-cress ("Arabis hirsuta") and man orchid ("Aceras anthropophorum").

The site's butterfly fauna in mentioned as in its citation sheet. Twenty-five species are known to breed, including colonies of Silver-spotted Skipper and Duke of Burgundy, together with comparatively large populations of Brown Argus, Green Hairstreak, Chalkhill Blue, Marbled White and Dingy Skipper. [ [http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003581.pdf English Nature SSSI citation sheet for this site] ]

Geology

tructure

The structural picture is similar to that at Winchester convert|15|km|mi to the west, with an east-west trending anticline in the upper chalk cut through by a south-flowing river to expose an inlier of middle and lower chalk. As with the Itchen, the upper Meon flows westwards along the fold trend, before swinging south to cut through the anticline. Beacon Hill at convert|201|m|ft to the west of the Meon and Old Winchester Hill at convert|212|m|ft to the east are remnants of the southward-dipping chalk on the southern side of the anticline. The anticline is somewhat domed, with the result that Old Winchester Hill is capped by older chalk than Beacon Hill despite being rather higher, whilst Wether Down and Butser Hill to the east are higher still. [British Geological Survey (1998), "England and Wales Sheet 316 Fareham, Solid and drift edition", 1:50,000 scale geological map, Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological Survey, ISBN 0-7518-3168-9] [British Geological Survey (1999), "England and Wales Sheet 300 Alresford, Solid and drift edition", 1:50,000 scale geological map, Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological Survey, ISBN 0-7518-3340-1] [British Geological Survey (2002), "England and Wales Sheet 299 Winchester, Solid and drift edition", 1:50,000 scale geological map, Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological Survey, ISBN 0-7518-3250-2]

Geomorphology

Beacon Hill is a section of east-facing Upper Chalk escarpment. Both Beacon Hill and Old Winchester Hill have a claim to being the point at which the main north-facing scarp of the South Downs turns northwards around the western end of the Weald; Beacon Hill is lower, but represents a higher level within the chalk, and Old Winchester Hill is cut to the north by the upper Meon valley. Small [Small, R.J. (1980),"The Tertiary geomorphological evolution of south-east England:an alternative interpretation",in Jones D.K.C (ed), The Shaping of Southern England, Institute of British Geographers Special Publication 11, Academic Press, 1980, ISBN 0-12-388950-2] suggests that the upper Meon (which like the upper Itchen flows east-west) was originally a headwater of the Itchen following the col to the north of Beacon Hill, before the south-flowing lower Meon cut back through the chalk.

The hill has been incised by a series of steep-sided semi-circular combes to the east, and deep dry valleys to the south and west. Between these several radiating spurs with minor roads and tracks meet near the summit.

External links

* [http://www.ukbms.org/site1005/description.htm United Kingdom Butterfly Monitoring Scheme]
* [http://www.english-nature.org.uk/special/sssi/unit_details.cfm?situnt_id=1023977 Natural England - SSSI Unit 1 - Woodland]

* [http://www.english-nature.org.uk/special/sssi/unit_details.cfm?situnt_id=1007312 Natural England - SSSI Unit 3 - Calcareous grassland ]

References