States and regions of Somalia

Five quasi-independent macro-regions have formed in Somalia since the 1990s. These entities and their capitals are:

) ) ) ) )

The regions of Somalia have been correspondingly changed by these entities.

Somalia

*Transitional Federal Government:
** Bakool (Xuddur) note: This region has largely fallen under control of al-Shabaab
** Banaadir (Mogadishu) note: Contested heavily between government and rebel forces
** Galguduud (Dhuusamarreeb) note: local clan elders actually rule in Galgadud, Galmudug controls the town of Gelinsoor in the northeastern corner
** Bay (Baidoa) note: This region has largely fallen under control of al-Shabaab save for Baidoa
** Gedo (Garbahaarreey) Elected regional assemly members (32) and elected district commissioners in all (7) districts
** Hiiraan (Beledweyne) note: This region has largely fallen under control of the Islamic Courts Union save for Beletweyn
** Shabeellaha Dhexe (Jowhar) note: This region is completely under the control of the Islamic Courts Union
** Shabeellaha Hoose (Merca) note: local clan elders actually rule in Shabelle Hoose, heavy presence of al-Shabaab
** Jubbada Dhexe (Bu'aale) note: This region has largely fallen under control of al-Shabaab
** Jubbada Hoose (Kismayo) note: This region has largely fallen under control of al-Shabaab though local clans and warlords still rule Kismayo and its environs.

* Somaliland
** Awdal (Borame)
** Maroodi Jeex (Hargeysa) note: This region used to be called Woqooyi Galbeed
** Togdheer (Burco)
** Saaxil (Berbera) note: This region used to be part of Woqooyi Galbeed
** Sanaag (Ceerigaabo) note: Maakhir controls the eastern and Southern parts of Sanaag and Ceerigaabo
** Sool (Las Anod) note: Most of Sool geographically speaking is part of Northland, though pro-Somaliland politician Ahmed Abdi Xabsade controls Las Anod and it's environs.
** Gabiley (Gabiley) note: This region used to be part of Woqooyi Galbeed
** Salal (Zeila) note: This region used to be part of Awdal
** Sarar (Ainabo) note: This region used to be part of Sool
** Odweyne (Odweyne) note: This region used to be part of Togdheer
** Hawd (Balegubadle) note: This region used to be a part of Woqooyi Galbeed and is the 13th region of Somaliland

* Puntland
** Bari (Bosaso) note: Maakhir controls the northwestern corner of Bari, which they call Western Bari
** Karkaar (Qardho) note: This region used to be part of Bari
** Mudug (Gaalkacyo) note: the southern half of Gaalkacyo and Mudug is controlled by Galmudug
** Nugaal (Garoowe)
* Maakhir
** Madar (Badhan) note: This region used to be part of Sanaag
** Boharo (Dhahar) note: This region used to be part of Sanaag
** Sanaag (Ceerigaabo) note: Somaliland controls the western half of Sanaag and Ceerigaabo, and Northland controls part of Ceerigaabo and a wedge of territory south of the city.
** Western Bari (Galgala) note: This region used to be part of Bari

* Galmudug
** Mudug (Gaalkacyo) note: the northern half of Gaalkacyo and all Mudug region is controlled by Puntland
** Hobyo (Hobyo) note: this region used to be part of Mudug
** Harardhere (Harardhere) note: this region used to be part of Mudug & real government control is limited

* Northland State
** Sool (Laascaanood) note: Pro-Somaliland warlord Ahmed Abdi Xabsade controls Las Anod and its environs
** Ayn (Buhodle)
** Sanaag (Ceerigaabo) note: Most of Sanaag and Ceerigaabo is controlled by Maakhir or Somaliland

Of these macro-regions, only Somaliland has declared outright independence; the other three claim autonomy within a federal Somalia.

ee also

*Districts of Somalia