Stephen Colbert (character)

Stephen Colbert
The Colbert Report character
Stephen Colbert as "Stephen Colbert".
Created by	Stephen Colbert
Portrayed by	Stephen Colbert
Information
Gender	Male
Occupation	Host of The Colbert Report
Title	Doctor of Fine Arts (honorary)
Religion	Roman Catholic
Nationality	American

The Reverend / Sir / Dr. / Stephen T. Colbert, D.F.A., is the persona of political satirist Stephen Colbert, as portrayed on Comedy Central's The Colbert Report. Described as a "well-intentioned, poorly informed high-status idiot",^[1] the character is a self-obsessed right-wing commentator. He incorporates aspects of the real Colbert's life and interests and is modelled primarily as a parody of cable news pundits, particularly Bill O'Reilly.^[2]

Colbert first appeared as a correspondent on Comedy Central's news parody series The Daily Show in 1997 and remained a regular contributor until 2005, when he left to host The Colbert Report, a spin-off show satirizing personality-driven political pundit programs. He has also been featured in a number of other public performances, most notably at the 2006 White House Correspondents' Association Dinner, and as the author of the 2007 book I Am America (And So Can You!).

Development and inspirations

The Dana Carvey Show

Main article: The Dana Carvey Show

Colbert's earliest mainstream exposure came in the primetime sketch comedy program The Dana Carvey Show. While only lasting seven episodes in early 1996, it provided Colbert with roles that would help forge his future onscreen persona. This was largely due to its format of delivering sketch performances directly to the camera. Although they did not air, several sketches inspired by The Onion also had Colbert playing a deadpan anchor delivering the news.^[3] In an interview with The New York Times regarding The Dana Carvey Show, Colbert noted, "If you have an opportunity to give it right to the audience, there’s a special connection that you make by looking at the camera".

Upon the show's cancellation, Colbert was cast for The Daily Show by co-creator Madeleine Smithberg. This was thanks to his performance as a nauseated waiter on The Dana Carvey Show.^[4]

The Daily Show

Main article: The Daily Show

Colbert as a correspondent for The Daily Show with Jon Stewart

Colbert appeared as a correspondent on The Daily Show between 1997 and 2005. During this time, the comedian developed the character that would later form the basis for his Colbert Report persona, one that its creator calls a "fool who has spent a lot of his life playing not the fool".^[5] Colbert frequently cites Stone Phillips — whom he describes as having "the greatest neck in journalism" — as a source of inspiration for the character, as well as Geraldo Rivera, "because he's got this great sense of mission… He just thinks he's gonna change the world with this report."^[6] As a correspondent, Colbert was regularly pitted against knowledgeable interview subjects or host Jon Stewart in scripted exchanges which typically revealed the character's lack of knowledge of whatever subject he was discussing.^[2] Other Daily Show correspondents have since adopted a similar style; former correspondent Rob Corddry recalls that when he and Ed Helms first joined the show's cast in 2002, they "just imitated Stephen Colbert for a year or two".^[7]

The Colbert Report

Main article: The Colbert Report

In 2005, Colbert left The Daily Show to host a spin-off series entitled The Colbert Report, a parody of personality-driven political pundit programs such as Fox News's The O'Reilly Factor that center largely on the personal views of their hosts. Because of this enlarged role, the personality and beliefs of the Stephen Colbert character have become more clearly defined over the course of the show, complete with a fictitious backstory that has been revealed piecemeal in short monologues accompanying a part of the program. It was not until September 2011 that guest Al Gore mentioned that "Stephen Colbert" is merely a character, a move that shocked Stephen Colbert.

The character Colbert portrays in Report originated as an amplification of his self-important Daily Show correspondent. As they developed the character and the show, however, Colbert and his staff began to look at some more specific models.^[8] Bill O'Reilly, whom the character affectionately nicknames "Papa Bear", is the most commonly cited point of reference. In a 2006 episode of The Colbert Report, Colbert remarked that, "if it wasn't for [O'Reilly], this show wouldn’t exist".^[9] In adapting the character for the Report, Colbert has also mentioned Aaron Brown, Anderson Cooper, Sean Hannity, Lou Dobbs and Joe Scarborough as having an influence over his performance.^[10][11] References to the character's abuse of prescription drugs are believed to be an allusion to Rush Limbaugh's addiction to painkillers.^[8]

As the show has progressed, the character has increasingly moved into less political situations, such as a green screen challenge and a "Meta-Free-Phor-All" metaphor contest with Sean Penn in which his pundit models would not necessarily engage. "I've found that at the base of it is still that character from The Daily Show who is a well-intentioned, poorly informed high status idiot, that I can apply to other issues," Colbert says.^[8]

The nightly in-character guest interviews were initially of concern to Colbert, who worried his character's belligerent nature would be off-putting to guests. However, since the show's debut, he says he has found he is able to "slide the intensity" of his behavior depending on his interviewee's ability to respond to his aggressive approach. Colbert now often cites the interview segment as his favorite part of the show, because it allows him to improvise.^[12] Colbert advises his guests to disabuse the character of his ignorance. "Don't let me get away with anything. Don't try to play my game. Be real. Be passionate. Hold your ideas. Give me resistance. Give me traction I can work against."^[13]

Books

Colbert is the central character in the 2007 book I Am America (And So Can You!). Co-written with Paul Dinello and the writers of The Colbert Report, I Am America delves into what the character considers to be the most pressing issues facing America. The book takes influence from the literary endeavors of the character's pundit models, such as O'Reilly's The O'Reilly Factor (2000) and Hannity's Deliver Us From Evil (2004), which Colbert says he "forced" himself to read as a reference. I Am America is considered a pure extension of the Report; however, the written medium allowed the writers to employ different styles, such as long-format arguments, that they could not have used on television. "You can actually spend 20 pages talking about religion whereas in the show, two pages is about as long as we hold any one idea", Colbert explains. In doing this, the writers "discovered things that [the character] cared about that… they didn't know he cared about before".^[14]

A character similar to Colbert's Daily Show persona featured in the 2003 book Wigfield: The Can Do Town That Just May Not by Colbert, Paul Dinello and Amy Sedaris. Russell Hokes, a self-aggrandizing journalist, was voiced by Colbert in both stage performances of the text and the audiobook. Colbert likens Hokes to his self-important correspondent character, but "more extreme, more self-involved".^[15]

Non-fictional elements

Certain elements of the character are drawn from the real Colbert's personal life. Both the real Colbert and the character were raised in Charleston, South Carolina; both are the youngest of 11 children; both played Dungeons & Dragons as teenagers; and both are practicing Roman Catholics. Colbert's own interest in and knowledge of religion, science fiction and J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings story will often show through in the Report. His character has a chocolate portrait of Viggo Mortensen (who portrayed Aragorn in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings films) in a place of honor on his shelf; Mortensen briefly reprised the role of Aragorn in the Report's September 13, 2007 episode.^[5][16] However, Colbert tries to limit references to Lord of the Rings because he says, as a fan, he does not want to "debase" Tolkien's work by having his character like it.^[13] Occasionally, Colbert will mention his real-life siblings on the show. In one episode, he placed his brother Ed, a lawyer who advises the International Olympic Committee, "On Notice" for refusing to grant the show the rights to air footage of a dispute between two American speed skaters.^[17] Ed later appeared at the start of the February 22, 2010 edition advising Stephen on how to cover the Vancouver Winter Olympics since his character doesn't have the television rights to the games. However, footage from the Richmond Olympic Oval was used since Stephen was named a special advisor to USA Speedskating. Generally, journalists covering the Olympics don't have access to the venues unless their employer has the rights to Olympic TV coverage, and can't show moving video coverage of any official Olympic event unless they have permission from the rights holder.

In an appearance at Harvard University in 2006, Colbert revealed that his character's fear of bears was in part inspired by a recurring nightmare he has had, in which a bear is standing between him and his goal.^[13] The character's phobia, which was initially referenced in the show's first "ThreatDown" skit, was originally slated to be a fear of alligators. By the time the Report went to air, however, the alligator story was several weeks old, and the writers chose to use a more recent news item involving a bear in its place.^[14]

After Colbert received an honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts from Knox College, the show began listing his name in the ending credits as "Dr. Stephen T. Colbert, D.F.A." even though using both the name prefix and post-nominal letters is technically incorrect. During the show, the character will sometimes refer to the degree and the qualifications he mistakenly believes it bestows upon him.^[18]

In May 2007, Colbert was voted the "2nd Most Influential person in the World" by a Time Magazine online poll. The 1st spot was taken by Rain, a young Korean pop star with a large following in Asia and the United States. Colbert then declared Rain his 'arch-nemesis', and began mentioning him frequently on the Report. Colbert filmed a satirical music video poking fun at Rain's popular single "How to Avoid the Sun" and referencing several stereotypical South Korean dishes and products. The one-sided feud eventually culminated in Colbert challenging Rain to a competition on air. After telling Colbert "not to quit his day job", Rain appeared in a short segment on the show and competed (and won) a DDR dance-off with Colbert.^[19] Both have been defeated by Shigeru Miyamoto in recent polls,^[20] though they still continue to be strong contenders.

On June 27, 2007, Colbert broke his left wrist on the set of the Report while performing his warm-up for the show.^[21] This quickly became a regular source of comedy on the show as the self-absorbed character requested his audience send flowers, launched a campaign against Hollywood's supposed glorification of "wrist violence", and began a "wrist awareness" campaign with "WristStrong" silicone bracelets.^[22] Although his wrist has now healed, he continues to wear and promote his "WristStrong" bracelets. On August 23, 2007, the cast was removed on air and was put up for auction to the general public, complete with celebrity signatures, on eBay, where it achieved a winning bid of $17,200.^[23] All of the proceeds from both the cast and the bracelets were donated to the Yellow Ribbon Fund.^[24]

Fictional biography

Colbert's fictional history is not always rigidly adhered to by the show's writers. The comedian himself says that, "My character's history may not always be perfectly consistent … There's my bio and there's my character's bio, and then there's my character's history, which is slightly different than my character's bio."^[25] His early life, prior to becoming host of The Colbert Report, is expanded upon in I Am America (And So Can You!).

Like his portrayer, Stephen T. Colbert is the youngest of 11 children, born into a devout Roman Catholic family—the character's family was so devout, in fact, they sent their teenage son to an "exorcism day camp" when they discovered he liked Dungeons & Dragons. In his in-character appearance on The O'Reilly Factor, Colbert stated that he is of Irish descent and only adopted the French pronunciation of his surname to "get the cultural elites" on his side.^[26] Colbert has made conflicting statements regarding his middle name, which he has at different times stated to be Tyrone (Colbert's actual middle name), Tiberius (like that of Captain James T. Kirk), Lee-Harvey,^[27] and Qxyzzy.^[28]

The character has said he was regularly beaten up in high school, and by the time he left for college he was determined never to be a victim again. As such, on the first day of his freshman year he walked into class and punched the first person he saw (unfortunately, this happened to be his ethics professor).^[29] He attended Dartmouth College, although his acceptance into the university appears to have been largely influenced by a claimed familial relationship with a wealthy donor,^[29] and graduated in the top 47 percent of his class with a major in history.^[30] He has also referred to Bob Jones University as an alma mater.

Colbert as a "young man" in 1989, as shown on The Colbert Report

Prior to embarking on a career in journalism, Colbert worked as a carnival roustabout and a construction worker. During the 1980s, he was the lead singer and guitarist of an ABC-like New Wave band called "Stephen and the Colberts". The comedian portrays his character's younger self in the band's music video, wearing worn jeans, cowboy boots and a spiky hair style. Their only revealed song to date is entitled "Charlene (I'm Right Behind You)", one of numerous references to an ex-girlfriend (and cousin) whom he continues to stalk despite numerous restraining orders.^[31] This song has been made available for download for free in the video game Rock Band. On the May 14, 2008 episode, Colbert claimed to have been the "totalitarian ruler of Malawi from 1982 to 1984".

Colbert later moved into reporting, working in TV news for several stations in Virginia and North Carolina. Occasionally he will show footage of himself as a "young man" (portrayed by Colbert, wearing a false moustache) working as an anchor at a local news station (WPTS) in Patterson Springs, North Carolina, still displaying his trademark outrage over minor municipal issues in the manner of 20/20 correspondent John Stossel. In 1997, Colbert was promoted to anchor of the Channel 7 News on WPTS Patterson Springs after outing the previous anchor, Wayne Colt, for his cocaine addiction. His ensuing investigative reports into Colt's downfall earned him a local Emmy, and eventually a correspondent position at The Daily Show.^[29] This corresponds with the year the comedian joined the cast of the show.

Colbert often makes digs at the expense of Daily Show host Jon Stewart.^[32] He has implied a strained relationship with Stewart, in contrast with the real Colbert's admiration for the comedian,^[25] and suggests that his departure from The Daily Show occurred under dubious circumstances. The character has described Stewart as a sexual predator^[33] and has been known to become tearful when his name is brought up.^[34] On the other hand, Colbert has also implied that he only got his own show by blackmailing Stewart with incriminating photographs.^[35]

Colbert is described in America (The Book): A Citizen's Guide to Democracy Inaction, to which he was a contributor while serving as a 'Daily Show' correspondent, as holding the positions of the Arthur Schlesinger Professor of American Studies at Harvard University,^[36] and of Chief Defender of International War Crimes at the World Court in the Hague.^[37] The book also states that he is the seven-time recipient of the Werner Heisenberg Prize for Excellence in Theoretical Mathematics.^[38] Paradoxically, Colbert is described as being barely capable of feeding himself^[39] as well as being "personally unpleasant".^[37]

Colbert was mock-knighted by Queen Noor of Jordan with Narsil (also known as Andúril), the actual prop sword from The Lord of the Rings films,^[40] on his April 7, 2009 show in exchange for leading the "Colbert Nation" in signing the Global Zero declaration.^[41] He is now listed in the ending credits as "Sir Dr. Stephen T. Colbert, D.F.A."^[42]

Colbert '08

Main article: Stephen Colbert presidential campaign, 2008

Fictional Marvel Universe newspaper The Daily Bugle's announcement of Colbert's fictional electoral victory over John McCain and Barack Obama.

Colbert dropped hints of a potential presidential run throughout 2007, with speculation intensifying following the release of his book, I Am America (And So Can You!), which was rumored (invariably by Colbert himself) to be a sign that he was indeed testing the waters for a future bid for the White House. Colbert staunchly refused to confirm or deny his candidacy, stating he had not yet made up his mind and must first talk the possibility over with his family.

Colbert confirmed his presidential ambitions on his October 16, 2007 show,^[43] stating his intention to run both on the Republican and Democratic platforms, but only as a favorite son in his native South Carolina. In an interview with Larry King he revealed that, as his running mate, he would consider Mike Huckabee (who himself jokingly offered Colbert the vice presidential position^[44]).^[45] He also speculated on the possibility of a Colbert-Putin or Colbert-Colbert ticket. Colbert abandoned plans to run as a Republican due to the $35,000 fee required to file for the South Carolina primary. On November 1, 2007, it was announced that he would not appear on the Democratic primary ballot either, after being deemed ineligible by the South Carolina Democratic Party executive committee.^[46] Several days later he announced that he was withdrawing from the race, saying that he did not wish to put the country through an agonizing Supreme Court battle.^[47]

The show went on hiatus immediately after this as a result of the Writers Guild of America Strike. When it returned to air on January 7, 2008 without a writing staff, the character justified his absence by stating that he had taken some time off to have "a good cry" about his failed presidential attempt. He said that he had returned to air in celebration of Huckabee's success in the Iowa Caucus, something for which he considers himself personally responsible as Huckabee has appeared on the Report on numerous occasions to invite Colbert to be his running mate.^[48]

Despite having withdrawn from the presidential race, Colbert continued to be referred to as an active candidate in the Marvel Universe. Colbert '08 paraphernalia appeared in the artwork of various Marvel comics,^[49] and Colbert himself teamed up with Spider-Man in the October 2008 comic Amazing Spider-Man #573.^[50] On November 5, 2008, Marvel announced that its fictional newspaper The Daily Bugle was reporting Colbert's victory over both John McCain and Barack Obama.^[51] However, several hours later Marvel released a second Daily Bugle article correcting its initial reports, stating that while Colbert had won the popular vote Obama had secured more electoral votes, thus winning the presidency. "Oops, our bad", said Marvel editor-in-chief Joe Quesada of the confusion. "We completely forgot the Marvel Universe reflects what happens in the real world."^[52]

Characteristics

Described as a "caustic right-wing bully",^[53] an "arch-conservative blowhard",^[54] and by his creator and namesake as a "well-intentioned, poorly informed, high status idiot", Colbert is egomaniacal, xenophobic and fiercely anti-intellectual. He claims to be politically independent, like his idol Bill "Papa Bear" O'Reilly; although in fact the character fawns over the Bush administration and the Republican Party, and frequently asks his guests, "George Bush: Great president, or the greatest president?" Since the election of Barack Obama, Colbert continues his right-wing views, but claims he will "support our new President as long as [he] remains popular". Colbert emphasizes that his character is genuinely well-meaning and wants to do the right thing, but does not have the tools to achieve it "because he has no curiosity, he doesn't like to read and he won't listen to anybody except the voices in his head".^[55]

The "Eagle's Nest", with its many references to Colbert, reflects the character's self-aggrandizing style.

Colbert is deeply self-centered and takes everything personally, a trait which is reflected in his discussion of the news and current events. According to the comedian, "There's nothing too large that doesn't involve him. Every news story is really about him ... Everything he cares about is a news story because he cares about it." This is expressed in his frequent attacks on and feuds with well-known figures such as The Decemberists, Sean Penn, Conan O'Brien, Rain, Barry Manilow, Tony Bennett, and Don Rickles (the latter three of whom beat out Colbert for Best Individual in a Variety or Music Program at the Emmys). The comedian equates these feuds with Bill O'Reilly's culture wars.^[8]

A recurring joke on the show is centered around Colbert's deep-seated phobia of bears, which he describes as "godless killing machines". Colbert has also stated on the show numerous times that he is in favor of the removal of his Sarah Palin affiliations.

Central to Colbert's personality is his rigid belief that "what I say is right, and [nothing] anyone else says could possibly be true",^[11] regardless of any evidence to the contrary. He discussed this in the Report's first Wørd segment, using the term "truthiness" as he explained what he perceives to be the difference between "those who think with their head and those who know with their heart".^[56] He has further gone on to ascribe "truthiness" to other institutions including Wikipedia, which he believes upholds his view that reality can be determined by consensus opinion, and often encourages viewers to use Wikipedia to "change reality". Colbert believes that if a majority of people want something to be true, that thing therefore must become the truth. For instance, after months of scoffing at global warming, Colbert suddenly reversed his position, conceding its existence only due to the box office success of An Inconvenient Truth, a sign that "the free market has spoken".

Colbert describes himself as racially color-blind and unable to visually identify a person's race,^[57] explaining, "Now, I don't see race … People tell me I'm white, and I believe them, because I own a lot of Jimmy Buffett albums."^[58] His race-blindness is a recurring joke, and this statement is often repeated on the show with different punch lines.^[59] For this same reason he believed that he was black when he had an emotional breakdown after watching Obama's inauguration video. He later qualified these statements in his book, stating, "When I say I don't see race, I mean I don't see Black people. But I can spot a Mexican at a hundred paces."^[29] Despite all these claims, Colbert often boasts that he has a large number of token minority friends (including Jon Stewart as "[his] Jewish friend"), although in the photos shown these friends appear decidedly uninterested in him. He has stated a similar inability to distinguish between the sexes, claiming to only "see an American". This comes in contradiction of his at times sexist behavior, for instance, calling only on men during an open discussion with his audience on women's issues.

The comedian has said that he likes playing weak characters, and particularly revealing weaknesses in high status figures.^[60] During the course of the show, he will frequently peel back the Colbert character's apparent bravado to expose a very weak inner core. In one instance, Colbert demands one of his staff members subject him to simulated waterboarding, only to break down into pleas for mercy upon hearing a water bottle cap popped.^[61] In another episode, he criticizes The Today Show cohost Matt Lauer for saying that it's unacceptable for men to cry, only to sob hysterically upon learning that Katie Couric has left the show. These status shifts occur commonly, and comprise a central component of the show's comedy.^[13]

Colbert frequently uses his show as a platform for promoting his own fictional merchandise, including colognes,^[62] science fiction novels,^[63] medication,^[64] and his own sperm.^[65]

2009 visit to Baghdad, Iraq

Colbert receives an "Army" haircut, from Four-Star General Ray Odierno, during filming.

Stephen Colbert arrived in Baghdad, Iraq on June 5, 2009, to film a week of shows called "Operation Iraqi Stephen: Going Commando" The episodes were filmed June 7–9, 2009. Al-Faw Palace's rotunda (also where U.S. President Barack Obama spoke during his visit to Baghdad, Iraq) was used for the filming of Operation Iraqi Stephen. Stephen had a suit tailored for him in the Army Combat Uniform pattern and went through an abbreviated version of the Army's basic training regimen. The suit was specially tailored by Brooks Brothers with the camouflage fabric supplied by Magna Fabrics.

The first episode included an interview with Multinational Force - Iraq commander General Ray Odierno, which was interrupted by U.S. President Barack Obama. Obama stated that if Colbert really wanted to be a soldier, along with his attendance to Basic Combat Training, he needed to have his hair shaved off. Obama then ordered General Odierno to "shave that man's head".^[66] General Odierno then began to shave Colbert's head; the job was finished during the commercial break by one of Colbert's staff members. The episode also featured a message to the troops from U.S. Senator John McCain with a friendly reminder to "always remember to clean your muskets", a lesson he claimed to have learned at Valley Forge, as a reference to old age jokes that he faced during the 2008 Presidential Election.^[67] Several other prominent politicians, including former presidents Bill Clinton, George H. W. Bush, and George W. Bush, along with Vice President Joe Biden and then Alaska governor Sarah Palin recorded messages for the troops that were aired in the following episodes.

Other appearances

• White House Correspondents' Association Dinner, April 29, 2006
• 58th Primetime Emmy Awards, presenter, August 27, 2006
• Night of Too Many Stars: An Overbooked Benefit for Autism, October 15, 2006
• Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man #15, December 20, 2006
• The O'Reilly Factor, in-character interview, January 18, 2007
• 59th Primetime Emmy Awards, presenter, September 16, 2007
• Meet the Press, in-character interview as presidential candidate, October 21, 2007
• Late Night with Conan O'Brien, February 4, 2008 and February 17, 2009
• 60th Primetime Emmy Awards, presenter, September 21, 2008
• Testimony, in character, in front of the United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Policy and Enforcement, September 24, 2010.^[68] However, Colbert did break character when he responded to questions by Congresswoman Judy Chu.^[69]
• The Amazing Spider-Man #573, October 15, 2008^[50][70]
• Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear, Co-host to Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear October 30, 2010

See also

• Cultural impact of The Colbert Report
• Tek Jansen
• Who Made Huckabee?

References

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2. ^ ^{a b} Steinberg, Jacques (October 12, 2005). "The News Is Funny, as a Correspondent Gets His Own Show". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/12/arts/television/12colb.html?ei=5088&en=262a857c34eb149f&ex=1286769600&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&pagewanted=print. Retrieved 2006-07-13. 
3. ^ Heisler, Steve Interview - Dana Carvey and Robert Smigel AV Club (June 15, 2009). Retrieved on 5-09-10.
4. ^ Dave, Itzkoff Comedy Ahead of Its Time (if That Time Ever Comes) The New York Times (May 7, 2009). Retrieved on 5-09-10.
5. ^ ^{a b} Ken P (August 11, 2003). An Interview With Stephen Colbert. IGN. Retrieved on 2007-08-15.
6. ^ Berkowitz, Elana; Schiller, Amy. "Five Minutes With Stephen Colbert". Campus Progress. http://campusprogress.org/features/375/five-minutes-with-stephen-colbert. Retrieved 2007-08-14. 
7. ^ Corddry, Rob. Interview with Terry Gross (March 8, 2007). Rob and Nate Corddry Find Their Place on TV. Fresh Air. WHYY. Retrieved on 2007-10-28.
8. ^ ^{a b c d} Colbert, Stephen. Interview with Terry Gross (October 9, 2007). Colbert Builds 'Report' with Viewers, Readers. Fresh Air. WHYY. Retrieved on 2007-10-21.
9. ^ The Colbert Report, Episode 2011, January 25, 2006.
10. ^ Kurtz, Howard (October 10, 2005). TV's Newest Anchor: A Smirk in Progress. The Washington Post. Retrieved on 2007-08-15
11. ^ ^{a b} Rabin, Nathan (January 25, 2006). "Stephen Colbert interview". The A.V. Club (The Onion). Archived from the original on 2006-02-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20060202094518/http://www.avclub.com/content/node/44705. Retrieved 2006-07-10. 
12. ^ Colbert, Stephen (December 8, 2006). A conversation with comedian Stephen Colbert. Charlie Rose.
13. ^ ^{a b c d} "A Conversation With Stephen Colbert". Harvard Institute of Politics. October 1, 2006. http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=5550134133036374310. Retrieved 2007-08-15. 
14. ^ ^{a b} Colbert, Stephen (October 16, 2007). "Meet the Author" podcast. Retrieved on 2007-10-27.
15. ^ Colbert, Stephen (May 13, 2003). The Leonard Lopate Show. WNYC.
16. ^ The Colbert Report, Episode 1017, November 14, 2005.
17. ^ The Colbert Report, Episode 2022, February 22, 2006.
18. ^ "Stephen Colbert Honorary Degree - Knox College". Knox College. 2006-06-01. http://deptorg.knox.edu/newsarchive/news_events/2006/x12687.html. Retrieved 2009-04-09. 
19. ^ Colbert, Stephen (May 10, 2007). "Rain Rivalry". Comedy Central. Archived from the original on July 18, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080718054844/http://www.comedycentral.com/colbertreport/videos.jhtml?collectionId=167949. Retrieved 2010-03-18. 
20. ^ "The 2008 TIME 100 Finalists". Time Magazine. May 10, 2008. Archived from the original on July 18, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080718054844/http://www.comedycentral.com/colbertreport/videos.jhtml?collectionId=167949. Retrieved 2010-03-18. 
21. ^ Associated Press (July 27, 2007). "How Did Stephen Break His Wrist?". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,291235,00.html. Retrieved 2011-07-08. 
22. ^ Stelter, Brian (August 27, 2007). "2 Out of 3 Anchors Join Colbert in Wrist Stunt". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/27/business/media/27colbert.html. Retrieved 2007-12-20. 
23. ^ Sklar, Rachel (September 3, 2007). "The Fruits of WristStrong: Colbert Cast Sells For $17,200". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2007/09/03/the-fruits-of-wriststrong_n_62886.html. Retrieved 2007-12-20. 
24. ^ Associated Press (August 22, 2007). "Stephen Colbert to Auction Signed Cast". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory?id=3512173. Retrieved 2007-12-20. ^{[dead link]}
25. ^ ^{a b} Dowd, Maureen (October 31, 2006). America's Anchors. Rolling Stone. Retrieved on 2007-08-15. Archived August 18, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
26. ^ "Stephen Colbert's in-character appearance on The O'Reilly Factor". Fox News. January 18, 2007. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,244882,00.html. Retrieved 2007-10-18. 
27. ^ Colbert, Stephen (May, 2007). "Presidential Candidate Questionnaire". GQ
28. ^ The Colbert Report, Episode 6046, April 7, 2010.
29. ^ ^{a b c d} Colbert, Stephen (2007). I Am America (And So Can You!). New York: Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 0-446-58050-3
30. ^ Gordon, Avery. "Colbert Nation bio". Archived from the original on 2008-03-25. http://web.archive.org/web/20080325224351/http://www.colbertnation.com/cn/stephens-bio.php. . Comedy Central. Retrieved on 2007-10-18.
31. ^ The Colbert Report, Episode 2094, July 26, 2006.
32. ^ Franklin, Nancy (November 28, 2005). "The Spinoff Zone". The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/11/28/051128crte_television. Retrieved 2007-12-20. 
33. ^ The Colbert Report, Episode 3008, January 18, 2007.
34. ^ The Colbert Report, Episode 3128, October 9, 2007.
35. ^ The Colbert Report, Episode 3047, April 11, 2007.
36. ^ America (The Book): A Citizen's Guide to Democracy Inaction (Warner Books, September 2004) ISBN 0-446-53268-1, p. 39
37. ^ ^{a b} America (The Book), p. 92
38. ^ America (The Book), p.121
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External links

• Colbert Nation—The official Colbert Report website, featuring daily reports of the show and videos.
• Wikiality—A Wikipedia parody based on Colbert's idea of Wikiality.
• Make Me America—The official I am America (And So Can You) book website.