Shang Xiang

Shang Xiang

Shang Xiang (zh-cpw|c=上庠|p=shàng xiáng|w=shang hsiang), was a school founded in the Yu Shun (虞舜) era in China. Shun (舜, 2257 BCE–2208 BCE), the Emperor of the Kingdom of Yu (虞, or 有虞/Youyu), founded two schools. One was Shang Xiang (shang (上), means up, high), and the other one was Xia Xiang (下庠, xia (下) means down, low) ["Classic of Rites·System of King": Youyushi (Yu) provided for noble elders in Shang Xiang, and provided for plebeian elders in Xia Xiang. Zheng Xuan: Shang Xiang was a Daxue (大學, great study, big school, today it translates to English as university) and it's located in the west of of capital city (《禮記·王制》：“有虞氏養國老於上庠，養庶老於下庠”。鄭玄：“上庠為大學，在王城西郊。”).] . Shang Xiang was a place to educate noble youth. Teachers at Shang Xiang were generally erudite, elder and noble persons.

The original meaning of Xiang (庠) is "provide for" (養), and Xiang, including Shang Xiang and Xia Xiang, were initially places to provide for the aged persons, and then became places for aged persons with their knowledge and experiences to teach youth.

Shang Xiang may be the precursor of the higher education institute of Guo Xue (國學, National School, or Imperial School, the nation's supreme school) in China. Cheng Jun (成均) was another ancient institution with educational function before the Xia Dynasty as recorded in literature [Dong Zhongshu: The Five Emperors named Daxue as "Cheng Jun" and it is similar to Xiang in Yu era (董仲舒：“五帝名大學曰成均，則虞癢近是也”。).] . The imperial school was named Taixue (太學) in Han Dynasty. From Sui Dynasty to Qing Dynasty it was named Guozijian (國子監).

Shang Xiang was also one of the five national schools in the capital city in Zhou Dynasty. The other four were: Pi Yong (闢雍), Dong Xu (東序), Gu Zong (瞽宗) and Cheng Jun (成均). Pi Yong was a central school, located in a central location, and was an imperial school. Dong Xu was an eastern school, Cheng Jun was a southern school, Gu Zong was a western school, and Shang Xiang was a northern school. These four schools were for seigneurs. The schools in the Zhou Dynasty mainly taught the Six Arts (六藝): Li (禮, convenance), Yue (樂, music), She (射, archery), Yu (禦, charioteering), Shu (書, literature), Shu (數, maths).

References


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Sun shang xiang — Lady Sun, más conocida como Sun Shang Xiang vivió durante la era de los tres reinos en china. Era la única hija del señor de la guerra, Sun Jian con lady Wu. Sun Shang Xiang tenia cinco hermanos, los más famosos son los dos mayores, Sun Ce y Sun… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Sun Shang Xiang — Sun Shangxiang Pour les articles homonymes, voir Shang. Fille du seigneur de guerre Sun Jian, elle découvrit les arts martiaux à l âge de 8 ans. Quelque peu masculine, elle possédait un caractère enjoué, qui lui permettait de surmonter le combat… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Shàng — Shang Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. La Dynastie Shang est une dynastie chinoise. Shang Di est un dieu chinois de la dynastie des Shang. Le Shang Shu (Classique des documents) est un… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Shang — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. La Dynastie Shang est une dynastie chinoise. Shang Di est un dieu chinois de la dynastie des Shang. Le Shang Shu (Classique des documents) est un recueil… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Xiāng — (相), es el nombre del 5º rey de la Dinastía legendaria Xia que reinó en una de las etapas más intensas y conflictivas del período de esta dinastia. Consiguió su trono en el año de Wuxu (戊戌) y estableció su capital en Shangqiu (商丘), ciudad en la… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Xiang of Xia — Xiang ( zh. 相), is the name of a ruler of the legendary Xia Dynasty who is said to have reigned during the 3rd millennium BC. He was the fifth ruler of the Xia Dynasty.He got his throne in the year of Wuxu(戊戌) and set his capital in… …   Wikipedia

  • Shang-Zeit — Gebiet der Shang Dynastie Örtlichkeit der Shang Dynastie Die Shang Dynastie (chin. 商朝, shāng cháo) war die zweite Dynastie in der chinesischen Geschichte. Sie regiert …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Shang'an — 1 Original name in latin Shang’an Name in other language Shang an, Shang an Zhen, Shang andong, Shang an, Shang an ts un, Shang an ts’un, Shang’an, Shang’an Zhen, Shang’andong, shang an, shang an zhen State code CN Continent/City Asia/Shanghai… …   Cities with a population over 1000 database

  • Shang (dynastie Shang) — Dynastie Shang Pour les articles homonymes, voir Shang. Histoire de la Chine …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Shang-Dynastie — Gebiet der Shang Dynastie Örtlichkeit der Shang Dynastie Die Shang Dynastie (chinesisch&# …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”