Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer

Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer

Infobox Scientist
name = Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer
box_width =


image_width =150px
caption = Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer
birth_date = June 2 1850
birth_place = Hornsey, Middlesex
death_date = March 29 1935
death_place = North Berwick, East Lothian
residence =
citizenship =
nationality = English
ethnicity =
field = physiology
work_institutions =
alma_mater = University College London
doctoral_advisor = William Sharpey
doctoral_students =
known_for = insulin endocrine
author_abbrev_bot =
author_abbrev_zoo =
influences =
influenced =
prizes =
religion =
footnotes =

Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer (June 2 1850, Hornsey, Middlesex – March 29 1935, North Berwick, East Lothian) was an English physiologist who coined the word "insulin" after theorising that a single substance from the pancreas was responsible for diabetes mellitus. He also coined the term "endocrine" for the secretions of the ductless glands, after demonstrating the existence of adrenaline (together with George Oliver) in 1894.

Schafer's Method of artificial respiration is named for him.

Biography

Born Schäfer, he was the third son of city merchant J.W.H. Schäfer, who was Hamburg born but came to Britain as a young man and became a naturalised citizen. He was brought up a Protestant. He attended University College London in 1868 where he was taught by William Sharpey. He became the first Sharpey Scholar in 1871. Qualifying in medicine in 1874, he was immediately appointed Assistant Professor of Practical Physiology, and was elected to the Royal Society when he was only 28 years old.

His career continued at UCL, where he was in turn appointed Fullerian Professor, then Jodrell Professor. But in 1899 he took the Chair of Physiology at the University of Edinburgh, where he remained until retiring in 1933.

He was married twice, to Maud Dixey and Maude Roberts (after Maud's death), and had four children (three girls and two boys) to Maud. However, he survived both his sons, both having died in action in World War I. He was president of the British Medical Association in 1912 and received his knighthood in 1913.New International EncyclopediaHe introduced suprarenal extract into medicine.New International Encyclopedia He prefixed his teacher William Sharpey's surname to his own in 1918, in order to perpetuate the name and also to avoid the anti-German sentiment at the time.

Works

Besides valuable papers on muscular structure, on the chemistry of blood proteids, on absorption, and on the rhythm of voluntary contraction, he wrote:
* "A Course of Practical Histology" (1877)
* "Essentials of Histology" (1885; sixth edition, 1902)
* "Advanced Text-Book of Physiology by British Physiologists" (1898)
* "Experimental Physiology" (1910)

He edited Quain's "Elements of Anatomy" (with G. D. Thane, 8th, 9th, and 10th editions).

Terms

* Schaefer's method — (artificial respiration) - Patient prone with forehead on one of his arms: straddle across patient with knees on either side of his hips, and press with both hands firmly upon the back over the lower ribs; then raise your body slowly, at the same time relaxing the pressure with your hands. Repeat this forward and backward movement about every five seconds. ::Dorland's Medical Dictionary (1938)

External links

* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9067167 "Sharpey-Schafer, Sir Edward Albert" from "Encyclopædia Britannica"]

References

* Sykes, Alan H.: "Sharpey's Men" in "Sharpey's fibres : the life of William Sharpey, the father of modern physiology in England", page 132-135. York : William Sessions, 2001.
*Citation
id = PMID:15135186
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15135186
last=Writer
first=Desmond
publication-date=2004 May
year=2004
title=Resuscitation Great. Sir Edward Sharpey-Schafer and his simple and efficient method of performing artificial respiration.
volume=61
issue=2
periodical=Resuscitation
pages=113-6
doi = 10.1016/S0300-9572(04)00133-9

*Citation
id = PMID:796429
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/796429
last=Hill
first=A V
publication-date=1976 Dec
year=1976
title=E Sharpey-Schafer and the jubilee of the Physiological Society [proceedings] .
volume=263
issue=1
periodical=J. Physiol. (Lond.)
pages=54P-56P

*Citation
id = PMID:14156091
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14156091
last=MCMICHAEL
first=J
publication-date=1964 May
year=1964
title=EDWARD PETER SHARPEY-SCHAFER.
volume=26
issue=
periodical=British heart journal
pages=430-2

*Citation
id = PMID:14060151
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14060151
publication-date=1963 Nov 2
year=1963
title=E.P. SHARPEY-SCHAFER.
volume=2
issue=5365
periodical=British medical journal
pages=1135-6

*Citation
id = PMID:14054462
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14054462
publication-date=1963 Nov 2
year=1963
title=EDWARD PETER SHARPEY-SCHAFER.
volume=2
issue=7314
periodical=Lancet
pages=951-3

External links

* [http://www.johnmadjackfuller.homestead.com/fullerianprofessors.html Fullerian Professorships]


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  • Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer — Sir Edward Albert Sharpey Schafer (eigentlich Edward Albert Schäfer, * 2. Juni 1850 in Hornsey bei London; † 29. März 1935 in North Berwick, East Lothian, Schottland) war ein englischer Physiologe. Sharpey Schafer ist Erfinder der nach ihm… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Edward Albert Sharpey-Shafer — Sir Edward Albert Sharpey Schafer (eigentlich Edward Albert Schäfer, * 2. Juni 1850 in Hornsey bei London; † 29. März 1935 in North Berwick, East Lothian, Schottland) war ein englischer Physiologe. Sharpey Schafer ist Erfinder der nach ihm… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Sharpey-Schafer — Sir Edward Albert Sharpey Schafer (eigentlich Edward Albert Schäfer, * 2. Juni 1850 in Hornsey bei London; † 29. März 1935 in North Berwick, East Lothian, Schottland) war ein englischer Physiologe. Sharpey Schafer ist Erfinder der nach ihm… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Sharpey-Schafer, Sir Edward Albert — ▪ British physiologist and inventor original name  Edward Albert Schäfer   born June 2, 1850, Hornsey, near London, Eng. died March 29, 1935, North Berwick, East Lothian, Scot.       English physiologist and inventor of the prone pressure method… …   Universalium

  • Sharpey-Schäfer , Sir Edward Albert — (1850–1935) British physiologist Schäfer, the son of a city merchant in London, qualified in medicine at University College there in 1874. He joined the staff of the college and served as Jodrell Professor of Physiology from 1883 until 1899. He… …   Scientists

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