Pisz

Infobox Settlement
name = Pisz

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imagesize = 250px
image_caption = Town Hall
image_shield = POL Pisz COA.svg
pushpin_

pushpin_label_position = bottom
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = POL
subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship
subdivision_name1 = Warmian-Masurian
subdivision_type2 = County
subdivision_name2 = Pisz County
subdivision_type3 = Gmina
subdivision_name3 = Gmina Pisz
leader_title = Mayor
leader_name = Jan Alicki
established_title = Established
established_date = 14th century
established_title3 = Town rights
established_date3 = 1451-1455, 1645
area_total_km2 = 10.04
population_as_of = 2006
population_total = 19332
population_density_km2 = auto
timezone = CET
utc_offset = +1
timezone_DST = CEST
utc_offset_DST = +2
latd = 53 | latm = 37 | lats = | latNS = N | longd = 21 | longm = 48 | longs = | longEW = E
postal_code_type = Postal code
postal_code = 12-200
area_code = +48 87
blank_name = Car plates
blank_info = NPI
website = http://www.pisz.pl/ Pisz [IPA-pl|p|i|sz] (until 1946 _de. Johannisburg, _pl. Jańsbork) is a town in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland. With a population of 19,328 (2004), it is the seat of Pisz County. Pisz is located at the junction of Lake Roś and the Pisa River.

History

The site of today's Pisz was originally inhabited by the Old Prussians. In 1345 the Teutonic Order began constructing a castle nearby at the southernmost point of the Johannisburger Heide, or Piska Forest, in the Masurian Lake District. The castle was named "Johannisburg", after St. John the Baptist. The settlement nearby held a market as early as 1367, but it was not until 1645 that it received its town charter. The official German name of the town was Johannisburg, while the Polish-speaking residents referred to it as "Jańsbork". Its early growth owed much to the residents' skill in beekeeping, and it was located on trade routes leading to Gdańsk and to the Vistula and Narew Rivers. It became part of Ducal Prussia in 1525 and Brandenburg-Prussia in 1618.

The town began to develop extensively in the 19th century as part of the Kingdom of Prussia. In 1818 it became the seat of the Landkreis Johannisburg in the province East Prussia. The town's population in 1876 was approximately 3,000. A railway built connecting Allenstein (Olsztyn) and Lyck (Ełk) ran through Johannisburg. Its water supply system and gas works were built in 1907 and its municipal slaughterhouse in 1913. The town's industrial development focused on wood processing and metallurgy. According to the 1900 Imperial German census, Johannisburg's population consisted of 70.2% Masurians.

As a result of the treaty of Versailles, the Warmia and Masuria plebiscite was organized under the control of the League of Nations, which resulted in 99.96% of votes to remain in East Prussia and 0.04% for Poland (14 total).

During World War II, Johannisburg was 70% destroyed by fighting and occupation by the Soviet Red Army. At war's end in 1945, it was transferred from German to Polish control according to the Potsdam Agreement and officially renamed "Pisz" in 1946. The name Pisz comes from the Old Prussian word "pisa" ("swamp"), owing to the muddy water from nearby Lake Roś. The remaining German-speaking part of the town's populace was expelled and replaced with Poles.

Little of pre-war Johannisburg survived the warfare aside from its Gothic town hall, but much of Pisz has been restored in recent decades. The town is a popular place to begin sailing on the Masurian lakes. Historical sites include the ruins of the Teutonic Knights' Johannisburg castle and the Church of St. John.

Notable residents

* Georg Christoph Pisanski (born 1725), historian of Prussia
* Hans David Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg (1797-1799), town commander
* Gustaw Gizewiusz (1810-1848), activist
* Ernst Rimmek (1890-1963), painter
* Marianne Hold (1929-1994), actress
* Marcin Kaczmarek (born 1977), Olympic butterfly swimmer

External links

* [http://www.pisz.pl/english/about_town.htm Municipal website]
** [http://www.pisz.pl/album/album-en.html Photo album]