Christchurch Castle

Christchurch Castle ruins

Christchurch Castle is located in Christchurch, Dorset, England (grid reference SZ160927). The earliest stonework has been dated to 1160 AD. It is a Norman motte and bailey castle. The castle's site is inside the old Saxon Burh dominating the River Avon's lowest crossing.

The Constable's House standing adjacent to the castle was added at around 1160 and is a rare and notable example of a Norman domestic dwelling.^[1] Today the bailey is home to a bowling green and gardens, and the ditch has been filled but parts of the keep and much of the constable's house still stand. The site is managed by English Heritage.

Castle

The castle may stand on the site of an earlier wooden fort built in 924 AD when after Aethelwold captured the town ramparts in 901 AD, Edward the Elder decided to fortify the town further with a wooden fort on a motte.^[2] After the Norman conquest in (1066) the castle's defences were strengthened with the addition of a ditch and bailey surrounded by a wooden pallisade. The wooden fort was eventually replaced with a stone keep. The purpose of the Norman castle was the security of the feudal lord, his family and retainers. The saxon defences had been against outside threats such as Viking raiders, the Norman fortress was more about subdueing the local populace. It was also a useful base for enforcing the New Forest Laws. The castle controlled the harbour and inland access via the Rivers Avon and Stour.^[1] The earliest masonry has been dated to c.1160, there is documentary evidence of the castle existing in c.1130 ^[1] Richard de Redvers, cousin of Henry I who died in 1107 was given the manor of Christchurch, he is often named has the castle's first builder, there is little documentary evidence of this and this castle may well have been on the site of the earlier Saxon castle. The castle was rebuilt by Baldwin de Redvers to resist King Stephen during the civil war with the Empress Matilda in 1147. A great tower was built probably around 1300. The castle again saw action during the Civil War of 1642-51. The Parliamentarians were allowed to take control of the castle in 1644. The Royalists laid siege to it for 3 days, demolishing houses on the corner of Church Street and Castle Street in order to site their cannons. The Royalists were unable to take the castle and Cromwell fearing such a powerful stronghold, ordered it to be slighted in 1652.^[2] The castle is now in ruins, a couple of the keep walls remain and the remains of a rectangular moat.

Constable's House

Constable's House

Nearby is a domestic Norman dwelling, known as the Constable's House, which was built within the original castle bailey in 1160. Much of the stonework survives, including a rare example of a Norman Chimney (one of only five in the country). The ground floor which has four slit windows was used as a storeroom. The upper floor accessed by steps outside and a internal staircase contained the main hall. As well as the chimney, another notable feature is the garderobe tower which extends over the mill stream added in the early 13th century to provide sanitary arrangements.^[1]

See also

• Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
• List of castles in England

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} David Eels. "This is Dorset Communigate". Christchurch Castle. Christchurch Local History Society. http://www.communigate.co.uk/dorset/clhs/page11.phtml. Retrieved 12 August 2010. .
2. ^ ^{a b} Moxey, Sarah (1997). Avon Valley Footpath Guide. Halsgrove. pp. 87–90. ISBN 978-1874448266. .

• Fry, Plantagenet Somerset, The David & Charles Book of Castles, David & Charles, 1980. ISBN 0-7153-7976-3

Coordinates: 50°44′01″N 1°46′29″W / 50.73370°N 1.77465°W / 50.73370; -1.77465

External links

• Read a detailed historical record about Christchurch Castle
• English Heritage - Christchurch Castle