Antigua Carnival

Infobox musical artist |
Name = Antigua Carnival 2008


Img_capt = 2008 Carnival Logo
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Country host = Antigua and Barbuda
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Start = 2008
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Location = Antigua Recreation Grounds
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Genre = Calypso Music
Soca
Pan music
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URL = [http://www.antiguacarnival.com Antigua Carnival website]
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The Antiguan Carnival is a celebration of music and dance held annually from the end of July to the first Tuesday in August. The most important day is that of the j'ouvert (or juvé), in which brass and steel bands perform for much of the island's population. Barbuda's Carnival, held in June, is known as Caribana. The Antiguan and Barbudan Carnivals replaced the Old Time Christmas Festival in 1957, with hopes of inspiring tourism in Antigua and Barbuda. Some elements of the Christmas Festival remain in the modern Carnival celebrations.

It is a ten-day festival of colorful costumes, beauty pageants, talent shows, and especially good music. The festivities, which celebrate emancipation, range from the Party Monarch and Calypso Monarch competitions of Calypsonians, the Panorama steel band competition, and the spectacular Parade of Bands to the Miss Antigua Pageant and the Caribbean Queen's Competition. In addition to these major events, the nonstop revelry of this eleven-day carnival includes innumerable smaller festivities, including local concerts, food fairs, parades, and cultural shows.

History of Carnival

For the history of the festival you have to step back in time to 1st August 1834 when slavery was abolished. People immediately celebrated by taking to the streets to celebrate their freedom and express their joy and happiness. Over the years there was a return to this informal celebration until 1957 when the Old Time Christmas Festival, a festival of much culturally significance, was replaced in 1957 by a Trinidadian-inspired Carnival. The Antiguan Christmas Festival included several elements that have been adopted into the modern Carnival.

Christmas Festival traditions include both music and dance, especially related to masquerades and iron bands. The highland fling is a common Christmas Festival dance, also played in the modern Carnival, performed by people wearing Scottish kilts, masks made of wire and bearing whips of cowhide. Dancers wearing banana leaves and animal horns took part in the John Bull, while carolers paraded with long poles covered in lanterns, called carol trees, singing with accompaniment by the concertina. Stilt dancers in robes, called the Moko Jumbie, Jumpa-Ben or Long Ghosts, were also common, and were accompanied by kettle and bass drums, fife, triangle (cling-a-ching) and the boompipe, made from a plumbing joint one meter long.

There are several different musical forms featured during Carnival. Calypso, the oldest, has its roots in slavery; a common explanation of its origins is that it began as a way for slaves, who were forbidden to speak in the fields, to communicate with each other. It is a polyglot, improvisational form that depends largely upon the skill of a soloist, (the calypsonian) who weaves the sounds of many cultures into a lyrical whole. Calypso competitions have long been a highlight of Carnival.

Steel drum music was created when the bamboo percussion instruments traditionally used to back up calypso were replaced by hammered steel pans cut from oil drums. Whereas there is no dispute that the steel pan was developed in Trinidad, the indigenous development of the steel band in Antigua and Barbuda was an outgrowth of the iron bands which were prominent at Christmas time. Steel drum music has been an important part of Carnival since that time, and Antigua is home to many of the Caribbean's finest steel bands. Soca is a musical form that grafts the slower beat of American soul music to the upbeat tempos of calypso. Soca began in the 1970s, and by the middle of the 1980s it had become an integral feature of Carnival.

Parades and Mas'

Opening Parade and Ceremony

Antigua's carnival officially kicks off with an opening parade through the city of St. John's. Bands and troupes come out in T-shirts bearing the insignia of their respective companies. Floats, which were big in the past, have begun to see a resurgence in their popularity. The participants of various competitions also make a strong appearance in the Opening parade.

The typical parade route is usually like the following: "The Parade will begin at 3:00 pm from Parliament Drive, and turn unto Queen Elizabeth Highway. From there it will turn right onto Independence Drive, left onto Redcliffe Street continue on until it turns onto Thames Street. From there it will move up High Street, back onto Independence Drive, around the round-about by government house and then finally into Carnival City through the north gate."

The parade concludes at "Carnival City" (the official title given to the Antigua Recreation Ground during the carnival season). There the opening ceremony follows and the contestants for the various carnival competitions make a final public appearance before their shows. The opening ceremony usually finishes with fireworks.

Children's Carnival

The Children's Carnival parade is set aside so that the children may really enjoy the carnival festivities to the fullest. They marh through the streets as well and finish the parade at Carnival City.

The children come out in their costumes and portray different themes, taken from fairy tales etc. Cheerleading has also permeated into Antigua's carnival. At Carnival City the children enter the Prince and Princess competitions. Here each mas troupe enters a boy and girl who where a costume in the hopes of winning the prince and princess competition.

J'ouvert

Like j'ourverts all over the world Antigua's is charcacterized by much revelery. Patrons wake up early like 4 or 5 am and go into St. John's where they find their favourite bands and "jam" with them along the route. There is much beer drinking, painting of the bodies with blue and brown paint and people who adorn wacky costumes.

Carnival Monday and Tuesday

Antigua's carnival festivities conclude on the first Monday and Tuesday in August, dubbed Carnival Monday and Tuesday, official holidays. After J'ouvert Morning on Monday morning revelers come back into St. Johns in the afternoon to march through St. John's.

The troupes, bands and floats all return the very next afternoon to do it again but on a different route. This is dubbed Carnival Tuesday. The parade culminates at Carnival City where the different troupes are awarded prizes and the Road March king is decided upon.

List of Antiguan Mas' Troupes and Groups:

* Vitus
* Dynamics
* Revellers
* Myst
* Showcase
* Exotic
* Passion
* Solid Mas
* Wadadli Madness
* Ali and Associates

Pageants

Teen Splash

Teen Splash formerly the Teenage Pageant is a highly anticipated show on the carnival calendar. It pits youth of both sexes from different secondary schools around Antigua against each other. In the past there was a Mister and Miss Teen Splash but at present there is only one winner. The teens come up against each other in four segments:

* Personality and Aspiration
* Performing Talent
* Research
* Question and Answer

Queen of Carnival

The Queen of Carnival show is the most prestigious and coveted pageant title in Antigua and Barbuda. Beautiful young ladies from all over the island take part in the competition that has propelled many into the public eye. Many doors can be opened for the winner of such a "Queen Show". The young ladies compete in the following rounds to prove that they are superior to the other delegates:

* Talent segment
* Evening Wear
* Carnival Costume
* Swim wear
* Interview segment
* Personal achievement

Jaycees Caribbean Queen

Organized by the Junior Chamber of Antigua and Barbuda, the Jaycees Caribbean Queen show has been existing since the 70s. The show sees competitors from across the Caribbean region compete for the coveted Jaycess crown. Territories such as, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Guyana, Jamaica, Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, St. Croix, and Trinidad and Tobago enter every year.

Antigua's representative is always the winner of the Antigua Queen of Carnival Competition just days before.

Notable former Jaycees Queens have been Kai Davis, Shermain Jeremy (both of Antigua) and Princess Best (of Barbados).

Calypso and Soca

Junior Calypso

The Junior Calypso competition seeks to keep the Calypso art form alive in the nation's children. The competition is divided into two segments, the 5 to 12 category and the 13 to 19 category. Each child sings one calypso and is judged on criteria that include performance, lyrics, clarity, content and use of stage.

Many of the Junior Calypso winners have gone on to compete in the Calypso Monarch Competition.

Notable winners are:

* Lyrics Man
* Thalia King
* Lady Challenger
* Young Destroyer

Calypso Monarch

Calypso was developed out of Antigua's Benna and is a very powerful and popular medium for Antiguans and Barbudans. It seeks to make commentary on whatever social issues are of prominence at the time of its writing. The Calypso monarch competition is one that is keenly contested and one that is usually followed by much "Bacchanal". There is usually discrepancies over the judges choice for a winner but that is just part of the culture and the conflicts are overtly friendly.

Calypsonians sign two songs by which they are judged for, lyrics, content, performance etc. The winner then moves on to perform at regional and sub-regional competitions, which Antigua often wins. Antigua has produced many famous calypsonians, many of which have won the Calypso Monarch competition.Some are:

* Toriano "Onyan" Edwards
* King Obstinate
* King Short Shirt
* Zero
* King Swallow

Party Monarch

The most well attended show for the Carnival season, Party Monarch, attracted over 11 thousand patrons in 2007 and approximately nine thousand in 2008. The competition is divided into two segments the Groovy and the Up-tempo. Ten competitors per segment compete for the title of Party Monarch. The Party monarch sees lots of persons of all ages come out to listen to the local talent. The competitors sing Soca songs.

The Party Monarch competitions are also the fastest growing competitions and the artist are really developing. Some pundits are also expressing the view that Antigua's Soca is swiftly surpassing that of Trinidad.

The most notable winners of the Party Monarch competition are:

* Claudette "CP" Peters (winning four times)
* Mervyn "Sleepy" Edwards (three times)
* Toriano "Onyan" Edwards of the Burning Flames

Panorama

Steel Pan and Steel Orchestras are a big deal in Antigua with several pan yards around the isalnd. These Pan players come into groups of about fifty (some more, some less) and perform at Antigua's official Steel Pan competition, Panorama.

Some of the Steel Bands that perform are:

*Gemonites
*Harmonites
*Ebonites
*Hell's Gate
*Mahico
*Le Chateau D'or
*Halcyon
*Roots
*Supa Stars
*West Side Symphony

Visit the Carnival website for the history of the Steel Orchestras:
* [http://www.antiguacarnival.com/datafiles/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=34&Itemid=41 History of Antigua's Steel Orchestras]

Jam Bands

Jam bands, as they are called, are a significant part of the Carnival festivities. They lead the crowd during parades and they provide the music with which to dance. Several bands in Antigua have risen to much acclaim regionally and internationally.

*Burning Flames
*Red Hot Flames
*El-A-Kru
*Taxik
*Revo Band
*High Intensity
*Lejah Band
*Dred and the Bald head
*Vision Band
*Tonic Band
*Tek Nine

These bands play mostly Soca music during the carnival season and attract hundreds of patrons who follow behind them to Carnival City.

Unofficial Carnival events

During the Carnival season in Antigua there are many events that take place that are not planned by the official carnival organizing body (Carnival Development Committee). These, while not official, are a very important part of the carnival season for patrons.

Pre carnival events such Blue Jeans, White Fete and Red Eye are very popular parties that usually take place over the weekends of July leading up to carnival.

"Lions Den" hosted by the Lions Club Antigua is the quintessential carnival "jam". It is executed in the form of a big rave and draws crowds of thousands. Two of Antigua's biggest bands, the Burning Flames and the Red Hot Flames perform.

ee also

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Romantic Rhythms Music Festival
* Cricket carnival
* Music of Antigua
* Shermain Jeremy (Former Carnival Queen)
* Burning Flames (Antigua Soca Band)
* Marie-Elena John Antiguan novelist whose work highlights the African origins of Caribbean carnival

Gallery

External links

* [http://www.Antiguacarnival.com Carnival official website]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imfGWDkTq0g Antigua Carnival 2005 BET Jazz via Youtube.com]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-irXe3uSBtQ Antigua Carnival Slide Show Youtube.com]
* [http://www.marie-elenajohn.com/excerpts.php Visual and textual information on the History of Carnival]