Tadcaster

infobox UK place
country = England
official_name= Tadcaster
latitude= 53.8852
longitude= -1.2620
population = 7,000
shire_district= Selby
region= Yorkshire and the Humber
shire_county = North Yorkshire
constituency_westminster= Selby
post_town= TADCASTER
postcode_district = LS24
postcode_area= LS
dial_code= 01937
os_grid_reference= SE4843
static_

static_image_caption=Looking from Bridge Street towards the High Street and the John Smith's brewery.

Tadcaster is a market town in North Yorkshire, England, lying on the Great North Road approximately 15 miles east of Leeds and 10 miles west of York. It is the last town on the River Wharfe before it joins the River Ouse about 10 miles downstream. It is part of the shire county of North Yorkshire, despite being further south than York, the traditional centre of Yorkshire and thus historically in the West Riding. Yet postal codes list it as being in Leeds and, as such, part of West Yorkshire.

The town is twinned with Saint Chély d'Apcher in France.

Government

For local government purposes, the River Wharfe divides the town into eastern and western electoral wards. The combined population of Tadcaster East and Tadcaster West in 2004 was 7,280, 3,800 in Tadcaster East and 3,480 in Tadcaster West (source: Office of National Statistics). The local authority is Selby District Council.

Tadcaster gave its name to a much larger rural district council, Tadcaster Rural District and other administrative areas. This may lead to confusion when comparing the size and extent of the current town with information for earlier periods. For example the population in 1911 of the Tadcaster sub-district was 6831 compared with that of the Tadcaster Registration District, 32052 (source: A Vision of Britain through time).

History

Roman times

Tadcaster was founded by the Romans, who named it "Calcaria" from the Latin word for "lime", reflecting the importance of the area's limestone geology as a natural resource for quarrying, an industry which continues into the present day and has contributed to many important buildings including York Minster. Calcaria was an important staging post on the road to Eburacum (York), which grew up at the river crossing.

axon and medieval times

The suffix of the Anglo-Saxon name "Tadcaster" is derived from the borrowed Latin word "castra" meaning 'fort', although the Saxons used it for any walled Roman settlement. Tadcaster is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as the place were King Harold assembled his army and fleet prior to entry into York and subsequently on to the Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066.

The town is mentioned in the 1086 Domesday Book as Tatecastre. The record reads: "Two Manors. In Tatecastre, Dunstan and Turchil had eight carucates of land for geld, where four ploughs may be. Now, William de Parci has three ploughs and 19 villanes and 11 bordars having four ploughs, and two mills of ten shillings (annual value). Sixteen acres of meadow are there. The whole manors, five quaranteens in length, and five in breadth. In King Edward's time they were worth forty shillings; now one hundred shillings."

In the 11th century William de Percy established Tadcaster Castle, a motte-and-bailey fortress, near the present town centre using stone reclaimed from Roman rubble. The castle was abandoned in the early 12th century, and though briefly re-fortified with cannon emplacements during the Civil War, all that remains is the castle motte. The outline of the long demolished southern bailey still impacts the geography of surrounding streets.

The original river crossing was probably a simple ford near the present site of St Mary's Church, soon followed by a wooden bridge. Around 1240, the first stone bridge was constructed close by, possibly from stone once again reclaimed from the castle.

Civil War

At 11am on Tuesday 7 December 1642 the Battle of Tadcaster, an incident during the English Civil War, took place on and around Tadcaster Bridge between Sir Thomas Fairfax's Parliamentarian forces and the Earl of Newcastle's Royalist army. The present day Wharfe bridge was constructed on the foundations of the stone original in around 1700, though it has been substantially modified at least twice since then. Historically, the bridge marks the boundary between the West Riding and the Ainsty of York; important people would have been formally met here on their journey to York.

Market

A market has been held at Tadcaster since 1270, when Henry de Percy obtained a royal charter from Henry III to hold 'a market and fair at his manor of Tadcaster', to be held each Tuesday. This ancient market place can be seen at the junction of Kirkgate and Bridge Street.

A stone base, believed to have been part of the original market cross, used to stand on Westgate, though this position is now held by the Tadcaster War Memorial. The present-day market is held on Thursdays on the carpark next to the bus station.

Industry

Tadcaster has long been associated with the brewing industry due to the quality and accessibility of the local water. Rich in lime sulphate after filtering through the Yorkshire limestone, in the right conditions freshwater springs - known locally as "popple-wells" - can still be seen bubbling up near St Mary's church. Tax registers from 1341 record the presence of two thriving breweries or brewhouses in the town, one paying 8d in tax and the other 4d. Today it is second in importance only to Burton upon Trent as an English brewing centre.

Only three breweries have survived into the present day, The Tower Brewery (Coors, formerly Bass), John Smith's and Samuel Smith's Old Brewery, which is also the oldest brewery in Yorkshire and the only remaining independent brewery in Tadcaster. A fourth stood by the river on the site of the present central carpark. Sam Smith's dray horses are a common sight on the streets of the town. Tadcaster is one of the very few Yorkshire villages which still has the industry it grew up around. This helps it to maintain a community spirit not often seen in other towns. Having three breweries in the town employing a large number of the locals the breweries have seen fit to subsidise several of the public houses in the town. These establishments offer the locally brewed drinks at approximately half the price you would expect to pay in a city.

Architecture

The Ark

The oldest building still in active use in Tadcaster is The Ark, built in the late 15th century, though it has been enlarged and altered many times since. Two carved heads on the front of the building are thought to represent the heads of Noah and his wife, hence the name. Throughout its life, the Ark has been a meeting place, a post office, an inn, a butcher's, a private house and a museum; it is currently the Town Council offices.

In the 17th Century it was known as Morley Hall, and was licensed for Presbyterian meetings. The Pilgrim Fathers met here and are reputed to have planned their voyage to America; an exact replica exists in Ohio.

t Mary's Church

St Mary's Church was first built around 1150, though a wooden structure did exist prior to this. Destroyed by the Scots in 1318 in one of many incursions subsequent to the Battle of Bannockburn, St Mary's was rebuilt between about 1380 and 1480 but constant problems with flooding led to the structure being taken down stone by stone and rebuilt between 1875 and 1877 with the foundations raised by 5 feet; only the tower was left untouched. The money for this renovation - £8,426 4s 6½d - was raised by public subscription. In 1897 a new north aisle was added.

The Viaduct

A quarter of a mile above the Wharfe bridge an imposing viaduct of eleven arches spans the River Wharfe. This was built as part of the projected Leeds to York railway promoted by the industrialist George Hudson through the York and North Midland Railway. The construction of the line was authorised in 1846. It was to run from Copmanthorpe to Cross Gates, joining the Church Fenton to Harrogate railway line between Tadcaster and Stutton. The collapse of railway investment in 1849 lead to the line being abandoned after the viaduct had been constructed. The need for the line evaporated with the opening of the Micklethorpe to Church Fenton line in 1869. Between 1883 and 1959 the viaduct carried a siding that serviced a mill on the East side of the River Wharfe. The last time the viaduct was used to fetch and carry goods was in 1955. The structure is now a grade II listed building owned by Tadcaster Town Council for the use and pleasure of the local people. [ [http://pastscape.english-heritage.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=54977&sort=1&type=&class1=None&period=None&county=None&place=tadcaster&yearfrom=ALL&yearto=ALL&recordsperpage=5&source=text&nmr=&defra=&p=6 National Monuments Record entry for the viaduct] ]

Conservation

To the south east of the town centre, towards the village of Oxton, lies Tadcaster Mere. Designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest or SSSI in 1987, the Mere is in fact the central part of a former lake basin which extended over an area of about 3km². It was formed during the most recent or Devensian ice age (which ended 10,000 years ago, when present-day Tadcaster would have been situated at the southernmost limit of glaciation) by the long, low embankment of debris known as the Escrick Moraine, which is composed of debris left behind by the Vale of York Glacier.

Scientific analysis of the mere, in particular sedimentary pollen studies, provides insight into the geological history and makeup of the local environment and allows accurate dating of events before, during and after the Devensian ice age.

Education

Tadcaster has three Primary Schools (serving ages 5-11) and one Secondary School (ages 11-18). In the Summer 1999 League Tables, Tadcaster Grammar School students obtained the best A Level results in the country for a state comprehensive school. There is also an adult education centre, colocated with the Grammar School.

In the past, Tadcaster served the Wetherby/Tadcaster area with a Grammar school, while the Secondary Modern was at Wetherby (what is now Wetherby High School). Being as these days Wetherby is part of the City of Leeds and Tadcaster is part of the District of Selby, it is now difficult to arrange for pupils to be educated on the opposite side of the border line to which they live.

Media

Local newspapers covering Tadcaster include The Press and The Wetherby News. The major regional newspaper in the area is the Yorkshire Post.

The local BBC radio station is Radio York, and commercial stations include Minster FM and Galaxy 105.

port

Tadcaster has two main sports rivals within the town; Tadcaster Albion and Tadcaster Magnets. Tadcaster Magnets also have a significant rivalry with the other major local team Ulleskelf.

Another popular group in the area is the Tadcaster Harriers running club which has been going for over 25 years.

Leisure

Leisure Centre

The Leisure Centre on Station Road can be hired throughout the day for a variety of activities that including Badminton, Roller Skating, Basketball, Volleyball, Indoor Cricket, Tennis, Short Tennis. Bookings can be made up to 7 days in advance. Various private sports clubs are run from Tadcaster Leisure Centre, and there is a physiotherapy clinic available on-site.

wimming Pool

The Tadcaster community swimming pool opened in December 1994 and is run as a charity. In 2007 the pool suffered from a failure of the tiles in the pool and the pool needed to be closed down until repairs could be made. The townspeople came together to raise the £130,000 to keep the pool going and organised many different events including a celebrity football match against the cast of Emmerdale.

Recently re-opened and having its official re-opening on 31 May 2008 the pool will soon be back up to full strength and able to offer a varied programme. There will also be a fitness suite.

Public Transport

Tadcaster is well served by [http://getdown.org.uk/bus/search/tadcaster.htm local bus services] operating from Leeds City Bus Station. The town is a main stop on the Yorkshire Coastliner service, which provides easy access to the Yorkshire Coast.

The nearest railway stations are in the villages of Ulleskelf and Church Fenton, but the most convenient station is York as it has a much wider range of services and is connected to Tadcaster by a fairly frequent Yorkshire Coastliner bus service running from outside the railway station.

There are also several mini bus companies within Tadcaster.

Location Grid

External links

* [http://www.tadcaster.uk.com Local Tadcaster website]
* [http://www.tadcaster-ww1-memorials.com/ Historical site]
* [http://www.tadcaster-stax.co.uk Local scooter club]
* [http://www.selbyleisureservices.co.uk/tadcaster/index.html Tadcaster Leisure Centre]
* [http://www.tadcasterpool.org.uk Tadcaster Community Swimming Pool Trust]
* [http://www.yorkshirecoastliner.co.uk/ Yorkshire Coastliner]
* [http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk Office of National Statistics]
* [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit_page.jsp?u_id=10029557 Vision of Britain through the ages: Tadcaster]