Tadeusz Czacki

Tadeusz Czacki (Volhynia, August 28 1765 - Dubno, February 8 1813), was a Polish historian, pedagogue and numismatist. He was an important person in the Enlightenment in Poland.

When Prince Adam Czartoryski was placed at the head of the educational district of Wilna, Czacki was appointed school inspector of Volhynia, Podolia, and the Ukraine. An opponent of the Jesuits, he combated their work in the field of pedagogy, and on one occasion raised by public subscription the sum of two millions of Polish florins to insure the existence of the gymnasiums in Vinnitsa and Kiev. In 1805 he founded the high school in Kremenetz, Volhynia (the Liceum Krzemienieckie). After Czacki's death his heart was deposited in one of the halls of this Volhynian school, under the inscription "Ubi thesaurus tuus, ibi est cor tuum" (Where your treasury lies, there lies your heart). He discovered what was thought at the time to be the grave of Copernicus; however, controversy over its location continued long afterwards. He also was a panel member of the Komisja Edukacji Narodowej, founded by Stanisław August Poniatowski in 1773 and considered to be the world's first ministry of education.

He also worked for the emancipation of Jews in Poland. Exemption from the poll-tax was granted in 1775 to those who would apply themselves to agriculture, and by 1787, owing to Czacki's efforts while he was serving on the Commission of the Treasury (see his report of 1787 on the Ruthenian and Ukrainian provinces), he had the satisfaction of seeing a few scores of families in the enjoyment of that privilege. Furthermore, he co-wrote the Constitution of May 3, 1791, and founded the Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk ("Society of Friends of Science").

Writings

Czacki's "Rozprawa o Zydach" (Discourse on the Jews), first published in Wilna 1807, and translated into Russian by Basil Anastaszewicz, passed through several editions, and was published finally in "Dziela Tadeusza Czackiego" (Works of Tadeusz Czacki), edited by Edward Raczynski, Posen, 1845 (iii. 138-270). For the history of the Jewish institutions, Czacki, who did not know Hebrew, availed himself of the only sources open to him; namely, Bartolocci and Ugolino. After relating the early history of the Jews, Czacki describes their situation among the Arabs, Italians, Spaniards, French, Germans, and Hungarians. He tells of their entrance into Poland in the twelfth century; of their intellectual condition; of their government and laws; and of the persecutions to which they were subjected.

He also wrote a short discourse on the Karaites ("Dziela Tadeusza Czackiego", iii. 271-285) which attempts to explain, on the basis of the sources accessible to the author and referred to above, "what the Karaites are, and wherein they chiefly differ from other Jews; when their separation occurred; and in what countries they dwell."

Czcki's, who himself had been interested in Lithuanian language [ cite journal|title=The Clash Of Nationalities At The University Of Vilnius, 1803-1832 |journal=Lituanus|date=Summer 1981|first=Stasys|last=Yla|coauthors=|volume=27|issue=1|pages=|id= |url=http://www.lituanus.org/1981_2/81_2_03.htm|format=|accessdate=2008-07-06 ] published a work on law in a two volumes "About Lithuanian and Polish laws, their spirit, their origins and about things discussed in the first Lithuanian Statute of the year 1529" _pl. O litewskich i polskich prawach, o ich duchu, źródłach, związku i o rzeczach zawartych w pierwszem Statucie dla Litwy 1529 roku [pl icon [http://pbc.biaman.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=83&from=publication&tab=1 Full text of the work] ] , explaining differences of the two nations within the the former Commonwealth.

ee also

* History of philosophy in Poland

References

External links

*pl icon [http://emmcz.w.interia.pl/ Biography]
*Jewish Encyclopedia|article=CZACKI, TADEUSZ|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=953&letter=C