Ada Evans

Ada Emily Evans (17 May 1872 – 27 December 1947), Australian lawyer, was the first female law graduate in Australia.

Early life

Evans was born in Wanstead, England (then a town in Essex county, now a north-eastern suburb of London), the daughter of architect Henry Evans and his wife Louisa, who came from a family of lawyers. She attended school in the London suburb of Woodford, before her family moved to Sydney, New South Wales, Australia in 1883. There she attended Sydney Girls High School,cite web|url= http://www.sghs.nsw.edu.au/History/index.html|title= Distinguished Old Girls |accessdate= 2008-05-25|work= The History of Sydney Girls High School|publisher= Sydney Girls High School] and began her tertiary education at the University of Sydney, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1895. Following graduation, she intended to establish a school with her sister in the inner-western suburb of Summer Hill, but abandoned the project after a period of illness.

Legal career

Later, encouraged by her mother Louisa, Evans enrolled again at the University of Sydney in 1899, this time in the Law School. Alhough the Dean of the school at the time, Pitt Cobbett, would by all accounts never have permitted a woman to enrol, he was absent overseas and Evans was able to enter the school. On his return, he declared to Evans "that she did not have the physique for law and would find medicine more suitable."cite web | last = Gaudron | first = Mary | authorlink = Mary Gaudron | title = Speech for Women Lawyers Association of New South Wales 50th Anniversary Gala Dinner | work = Women Lawyers Association of New South Wales | date = 2002-06-13 | url = http://www.womenlawyers.org.au/documents/gaudron_50.rtf | format = RTF | accessdate = 2006-08-13 ]

The rules of practice in force in New South Wales at the time did not comprehend female lawyers, and there was no precedent of women becoming lawyers, so when Evans attempted to register as a student-at-law with the Supreme Court of New South Wales, her application was rejected. Although the rules of practice legislation did not actually disqualify women from becoming lawyers, the common law at the time held that unless legislation specifically conferred rights or privileges on women, it did not apply to them, for women were not included in the definition of persons. Despite these setbacks, Evans persisted with her studies, and on 26 December 1902 graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree, the first woman in Australia to do so.

After graduating, Evans applied for admission to the New South Wales Bar to practise as a barrister, but again her application was rejected on the basis of her sex. She was similarly prevented from being admitted to the English Bar. Evans and her supporters in women's organisations commenced a campaign for the laws to be changed to specifically allow women to practise. Such laws were enacted in other Australian states to specifically allow the admission of women, and in 1905 Flos Greig became the first female barrister in Australia, when she was admitted to the Victorian Bar (having become the first Victorian female law graduate in 1903). At this time, Evans also edited a weekly women's page in the "Australian Star" newspaper, her work incorporating "an underlying theme that truth and kindness were essential ingredients for human happiness."cite encyclopedia | last = O'Brien | first = Joan M. | title = Evans, Ada Emily (1872 - 1947) | encyclopedia = Australian Dictionary of Biography | volume = 8 | pages = 443-444 | publisher = Melbourne University Press | location = Carlton | year = 1981 | url = http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A080468b.htm | accessdate = 2006-08-13 ]

The Parliament of New South Wales finally altered the law to enable women to practise law, with the passage of the "Women's Legal Status Act 1918" late in 1918. Evans registered as a student-at-law in May 1919 and on 12 May 1921, after the requisite two years as a student, became the first woman to be admitted to the New South Wales Bar. However, although she was offered work as a barrister immediately, she declined to practise, citing her family commitments and the passage of time since her graduation and saying that she didn't want "women's standing in the profession to be undermined by a show of incompetence".cite journal | title = Obituary of Ada Evans | journal = Australian Law Journal | volume = 22 | pages = 1–2 | date = 20 May 1948 ]

Later life

In 1909, Evans and her brother moved to the town of Bowral in the New South Wales Southern Highlands, where they bought a six hectare farming property called Kurkulla. There Evans died thirty-eight years later, in 1947. She was cremated in Sydney.

References