Treaty of Lisbon (1668)

The Treaty of Lisbon of 1668 was signed on February 13, 1668 between Dom Pedro, the Prince Regent of Portugal, future king Peter II of Portugal, in the name of his incapacitated brother, Dom Afonso VI of Portugal, and Queen Mariana of Austria, Regent of Spain in the name of his young son Carlos II, by mediation of Lord Sandwich, Charles II of England ambassador to Lisbon and to Madrid.

It is a Peace Treaty that ended the 26 year-long Portuguese Acclamation War between Portugal and Castile after the acclamation of John IV of Portugal in 1640, that ended the sixty years period of the Dual Monarchy between Portugal and Castile (1581-1640) under the deposed House of Habsburg.

Based on the terms of the treaty, the Habsburgs of Madrid finally recognized the legitimacy of the Portuguese dynasty of Braganza as successor to Portuguese Royal House with the suppressed superior rights of Catherine, infanta of Portugal, Duchess of Braganza, and established peace with their monarch. Moreover, Charles II gave up any further attempts to reincorporate the Portuguese crown into his several realms.

In return, Portugal separated from Portuguese Morocco his expensive fortress town of Ceuta, facing Gibraltar and guarding the Mediterranean mouth, and yielded it to Spain, as it had already ceded to England neighbouring Tangiers by another Treaty of Lisbon, seven years before, the Treaty of Lisbon of 1661, of Peace and renewed Alliance, as part of the dowry of Queen Catherine of Braganza to Charles II of England.

As there were no princesses to exchange as usual at the time being, Peter II and Charles II came to marry later two German princesses of the House of the Palatinate, Maria Sophie Elizabeth of Neuburg, and Maria Anna of Neuburg, sisters to Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg, consort empress of Austria, thus linking by blood the Houses of Habsburg and Braganza.

ee also

*List of treaties
*Treaty of Lisbon (1859), a treaty between Portugal and the Netherlands that decided the border between Portuguese Timor and the Dutch East Indies
*Treaty of Lisbon (2007), a European Union treaty designed to reform the European Union