1975 in science

1975 in science

The year 1975 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy and space exploration

* April 19 - Aryabhata, India's first satellite, is launched using Soviet boosters.
* August 20 - Viking program: NASA launches the Viking 1 planetary probe toward Mars.

Biology

* August 7 - César Milstein and Georges Köhler report their discovery of how to use hybridoma cells to isolate monoclonal antibodies, effectively beginning the history of monoclonal antibody use in science [cite journal | author = Kohler, G.; Milstein, C. | date = 1975 | title = Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity | journal = Nature | volume = 256 | issue = 5517 | pages = 495–497 | pmid = 1172191 | doi = 10.1038/256495a0 ] [cite journal | last = Waldman | first = Thomas A. | date = 2003 | url = http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nm/journal/v9/n3/full/nm0303-269.html&filetype=pdf | format = PDF | title = Immunotherapy: past, present and future | journal = Nature Medicine | volume = 9 | pages = 269–277 | doi = 10.1038/nm0303-269 ]

Computer science

* January - Altair 8800 is released, sparking the era of the microcomputer
* July 17 - Apollo-Soyuz Test Project: An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock with each other in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations.
* 1975 - Bill Gates and Paul Allen develop a BASIC program for the Altair 8800. They form a company initially called Micro Soft; the company's name is later changed to Microsoft.

Awards

* Nobel Prizes
** Physics Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson, James Rainwater
** Chemistry - John Warcup Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog
** Medicine - David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Temin
* Turing Award - Allen Newell, Herbert Simon

Births

* July 17 - Terence Tao, mathematician.

Deaths

* February 14 - Julian Huxley (b. 1887), British biologist and author.

References


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