Aram-Naharaim

Aram-Naharaim

Aram-Naharaim or "Aram of Two Rivers," is a region that is mentioned five times in the Hebrew Bible. It is commonly identified with "Nahrima" mentioned in three tablets of the Amarna correspondence as a geographical description of the kingdom of Mitanni. It was the land in which the city of Haran lay. According to one rabbinical Jewish tradition, Ur Kasdim, said to be the birthplace of Abraham, was also situated in Aram-Naharaim. [Ramban on "Lech Lecha" [http://www.jewishgates.com/file.asp?File_ID=1350] ]

Identification of the two rivers

The actual rivers referred to are not explicitly named in the Bible, although it is generally agreed that the first was the Upper Euphrates (called "N-h-r-n" by the Egyptians). The name "Nahrima" in the Amarna letters denoted the region of the Upper Euphrates and its tributaries Fact|date=February 2007 - the Balikh and Khabur.

Both Josephus and the Septuagint translate the name as "Mesopotamia". Ancient writers elsewhere used the name "Mesopotamia" for the land between the Tigris and Euphrates. According to the Book of Jubilees, when the entire Earth was divided among the sixteen grandsons of Noah, Aram, the son of Shem received as an inheritance for his offspring, lands bordered by the Euphrates and the Tigris (Jubilees 9:5); it also associates the city of Ur Kesed not with the descendants of Aram, but rather with those of Arphaxad, his brother, who was Abram's ancestor.

However the usage of the Hebrew name "Aram-Naharaim" does not match the general usage of "Mesopotamia", the former being used exclusively for a northern region. Moreover the translation of the name as "Mesopotamia" was not consistent - the Septuagint also uses a more precise translation "Mesopotamia of Syria" as well as "Rivers of Syria". Josephus refers to the subjects of Chushan, king of Aram Naharaim, [Judges 3:8] as "Assyrians". [Flavius Josephus, "Antiquities of the Jews", Book 5, Chapter 3:2. [http://www.ccel.org/j/josephus/works/ant-5.htm] ]

Hebrew has a distinct name "Ashur" for the region of Assyria containing the Tigris. Aram Naharaim lay west of "Ashur" as it contained Haran. Haran itself lies on the west bank of the Balikh, east of the Upper Euphrates. The traditional Jewish location of Ur Kasdim (at Edessa) and the Balikh itself lie west of the Khabur implying that the second river was understood to be the latter by those maintaining this tradition.

ee also

*Aram (Biblical region)
*Aram Damascus
*Aram Rehob
*Aramaeanism
*Aramaeans
*Aramean-Syriac people

External links

* [http://www.bartelby.com/67/106.html The Land of Aram (Syria)]

References


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  • Padan-aram — Padan aram, Paddan aram, Padan, or Paddan, in the Hebrew Bible, refers to the plain or field of Aram Naharaim, or the plain of the highlands, that part of Aram that lay in the Euphrates River valley. The name thus may correspond to the Hebrew “… …   Wikipedia

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