Hemoperitoneum

Hemoperitoneum

Infobox_Disease
Name = PAGENAME


Caption =
DiseasesDB =
ICD10 = ICD10|K|66|1|k|65
ICD9 = ICD9|568.81
ICDO =
OMIM =
MedlinePlus =
eMedicineSubj =
eMedicineTopic =
MeshID = D006465

Hemoperitoneum (sometimes also hematoperitoneum) is the presence of blood in the peritoneal cavity. The blood accumulates in the space between the inner lining of the abdominal wall and the internal abdominal organs. Hemoperitoneum is generally classified as a surgical emergency; in most cases, urgent laparotomy is needed to identify and control the source of the bleeding. In selected cases, careful observation may be permissible. The abdominal cavity is highly distensible and may easily hold greater than five liters of blood, or more than the entire circulating blood volume for an average-sized individual. Therefore, large-scale or rapid blood loss into the abdomen will reliably induce hemorrhagic shock and may, untreated, rapidly lead to death.

Causes

Causes of hemoperitoneum include:
* Penetrating trauma
* Blunt trauma, most commonly injuries to solid organs such as the liver and spleen.
* Vascular accidents, such as rupture of an Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Iliac Aneurysm, or Splenic Aneurysm.
* Bleeding due to a ruptured ectopic pregnancy or uterine rupture.
* Less commonly, bleeding due to a perforated gastric ulcer.
* Bleeding due to rupture of an intra-abdominal neoplasm, (e.g., Hepatoblastoma)
* Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Diagnosis

Hemoperitoneum can be reliably diagnosed with the following examinations:
* Focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST)
* Paracentesis or Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
* Computed tomography
* Diagnostic laparoscopy or exploratory laparotomy

Treatment

Classically, hemoperitoneum was an indication for emergency surgery to locate the source of bleeding. The method of control depends on the source of blood loss. Vascular bleeding, i.e. from a blood vessel, would be treated by clamping and ligation of the offending vessel, or repair of the vessel in the case of major arteries such as the aorta or mesenteric arteries. Bleeding from the spleen most often requires splenectomy, or removal of the spleen. Bleeding from the liver might be controlled by application of hemostatic sponges, thrombin, or more recently, argon beam cauterization.

With modern diagnostic aids such as Computed Tomography (CT) scans, certain injuries such as low-grade lacerations of the spleen may be diagnosed early and observed, with surgical options deferred unless clinical deterioration obligates them. In rare occasions, rupture of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm may be repaired via an endovascular technique, though this is generally not performed in the setting of acute rupture.


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • hemoperitoneum — Blood in the peritoneal cavity. * * * he·mo·peri·to·ne·um or chiefly Brit hae·mo·peri·to·ne·um .per ət ən ē əm n blood in the peritoneal cavity * * * he·mo·peri·to·ne·um (he″mo per″ĭ to neґəm) [hemo + peritoneum] an effusion …   Medical dictionary

  • hemoperitoneum — he·mo·peritoneum …   English syllables

  • hemoperitoneum — “+ noun Etymology: New Latin, from hem + peritoneum : blood in the peritoneal cavity …   Useful english dictionary

  • Gastrointestinal bleeding — A positive fecal occult blood test ICD 10 K92.2 ICD 9 …   Wikipedia

  • Digestive disease — Classification and external resources MeSH D004066 All diseases that pertain to the gastrointestinal tract are labelled as digestive diseases. This includes diseases of the esophagus, stomach, first, second, and third part of the …   Wikipedia

  • Ischemic colitis — Classification and external resources Micrograph of a colonic pseudomembrane, a finding that may be associated with ischemic colitis. H E stain …   Wikipedia

  • Focused assessment with sonography for trauma — Focused abdominal ultrasound for trauma, commonly abbreviated as FAST and also known as focused assessment with sonography for trauma, is a rapid, bedside, ultrasound examination performed by surgeons and emergency physicians to screen for… …   Wikipedia

  • Mesenteric ischemia — Classification and external resources ICD 10 K55.9 ICD 9 557.9 …   Wikipedia

  • Hepatorenal recess — The hepatorenal recesscite book |author=Forbis, Pat; Bartolucci, Susan L.; Stedman, Thomas Lathrop |title=Stedman s medical eponyms |publisher=Lippincott Williams Wilkins |location=Hagerstown, MD |year=2005 |pages=p498 |isbn=0 7817 5443 7 |oclc=… …   Wikipedia

  • Hepatorenal recess of subhepatic space — Latin recessus hepatorenalis recessi subhepatici The hepatorenal recess …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”