- Pamiri people
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Pamiri people
(Badakhshani, Badakhshoni)Total population 90,000 (est.) Regions with significant populations Gorno-Badakhshan (Tajikistan)
Xinjiang (People's Republic of China)Languages Religion Ismaili sect of Shia Islam as well as a minority of Sunni adherents.[1]
Related ethnic groups other Iranian peoples
Pamiri (Tajik: Помири, Persian: پامیری) is the name of an Iranian ethnic group in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in Tajikistan.
Contents
Ethnic Identity
The Pamiris are composed of people who speak the Pamiri languages, the indigenous language in the Gorno-Badakhshan autonomous province, and adhere to the Ismaili sect of Shia Islam. The Pamiris share close linguistic, cultural and religious ties with the people in Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan, the Sarikoli speakers in Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in Xinjiang Province in China, the Wakhi speakers in Afghanistan and the Wakhi speakers in Upper Hunza Gojal region of Northern mountainous areas of Pakistan. In the Pamiri languages the Pamiris refer to themselves as Pamiri or Badakhshani, a reference to the historic Badakhshan region where they live. In China, they are referred to as ethnic Tajiks. In the Afghan National Anthem, Pamiris (Pashto: پاميريان Pāmiryān) are mentioned in the list of ethnic groups of Afghanistan.[2]
History
In 1929 Gorno-Badakhshan was attached to the newly formed republic of Tajikistan, and since that point there has been a great deal of controversy surrounding the ethnic identity of the Pamiris. Some Tajik scholars claim Pamiri languages to be a dialects of Tajik language and there has been a long running debate as to whether the Pamiris constituted a nationality separate from Tajiks.[3] But there is a consensus amongst linguists that the Pamiri languages are East Iranian, a sub-group of Iranian languages while Tajik language which is Persian is included in Southwestern Iranian, another sub-group of Iranian languages. In the 1926 and 1937 Soviet censuses Shugnis and Wakhis were counted as separate nationalities. After 1937 these groups were required to register as Tajiks.[4]
During the Soviet period many Pamiris migrated to the Vakhsh River Valley and settled in Qurghonteppa Oblast, in what is today Khatlon Province. In the 1980s debate raged in Tajikistan about the official status of the Pamiri languages in the republic. After the independence of Tajikistan in 1991 Pamiri nationalism stirred and the Pamiri nationalist political party Lali Badakhshan took power in Gorno-Badakhshan. Anti-government protests took place in the province's capital, Khorog, and in 1992 the republic declared itself an independent country. This declaration was later repealed. During the Tajikistan Civil War from 1992–1997 Pamiris in large backed the United Tajik Opposition, the Pamiris were targeted for massacres, especially those living in the capital Dushanbe and Qurghonteppa Oblast. In the early 1990s there was a movement amongst Pamiris to separate Gorno-Badakhshan from Tajikistan. [5]
Religion
Pamiris are predominately Nizārī Ismā'īlī and follow the Aga Khan. The Aga Khan Foundation became the primary non-governmental organization in Gorno-Badakhshan. There are also Sunni Pamiris currently numbering at approximately a few thousand.[6].
Notable Individuals
- Oleg Fesov, musician and actor
- Davlat Khudonazarov, filmmaker and presidential candidate in 1991 presidential elections in Tajikistan
- Muboraksho Mirzoshoyev, musician
- Daler Nazarov, musician and actor
- Abusaid Shokhumorov, historian and philosopher
References
- ^ Islamic peoples of the Soviet Union, pg. 33 By Shirin Akiner
- ^ Afghan National Anthem
- ^ Cheshko, S. V. (1989). "Не Публицистично, Но И Не Научно". Sovetskaya Etnografiya Akademiya Nauk SSR I Narodnyi Komisseriat Prosveshcheniya RSFSR (5): 23–38.
- ^ Suny, Ronald Grigor (2006). "History and Foreign Policy: From Constructed Identities to "Ancient Hatreds" East of the Caspian". In Shaffer, Brenda. The Limits of Culture: Islam and Foreign Policy. MIT Press. pp. 100–110. ISBN 0262693216.
- ^ Suhrobsho Davlatshoev (2006). "The Formation and Consolidation of Pamiri Ethnic Identity in Tajikistan. Dissertation". School of Social Sciences of Middle East Technical University, Turkey (M.S. thesis). http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607111/index.pdf. Retrieved 2006-08-25.
- ^ Islamic peoples of the Soviet Union, pg. 33, By Shirin Akiner
External links
Categories:- Iranian peoples
- Ethnic groups in Tajikistan
- Muslim communities
- Asian ethnic group stubs
- Tajikistan stubs
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