Lambert le Bègue

Lambert le Bègue (English: "Lambert the Stutterer") was a priest and reformer, who lived in Liège, Belgium, in the middle of the 12th century. The son of poor people, he was ordained priest, and was probably parish priest of St. Christopher at Liège. He began preaching against the abuses and the vices of the clergy, protesting against simony, the ordination of sons of priests, and certain customs in the administration of the Sacrament of Baptism and the celebration of Mass. In time he gathered about him a popular following, for whom he translated into the vernacular (French) the Life of the Blessed Virgin, the Acts of the Apostles, and the Epistles of St. Paul, with commentaries; these translations unfortunately have not been preserved. Probably at this period he organized the religious association known as Béguines, whose name cannot be derived philologically from "to beg" (i.e. to pray), but is probably derived from the name "bègue" (stutterer) given to Lambert, to whom several contemporary and trustworthy authorities attribute the foundation. But he also had adversaries, especially among the clergy, and it was to refute them that he wrote a defense of his theories, entitled "Antigraphum Petri". His writings reveal him a man very learned for his time; they abound with quotations, not only from the Bible, but also from the Fathers of the Church (e.g. St. Gregory, St. Augustine and St. Bernard), and even from profane authors like Ovid, Virgil and Cicero. Accused of heresy, he was condemned and imprisoned notwithstanding his appeal to the Holy See. He escaped and went over to the antipope Callistus III, who had been recognized by Raoul of Zahringen, Prince-Bishop (i.e. bishop and secular ruler) of Liège. He wrote to the pope several letters in justification of his doctrines and conduct, but the result of these endeavors is not known. In all probability he returned to Liège where he died in 1177.

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