Emmanuel, comte de Las Cases

Statue of Emmanuel, comte de Las Cases in Lavaur, Tarn

Emmanuel-Augustin-Dieudonné-Joseph, comte de Las Cases (21 June 1766 – 15 May 1842) was a French atlas-maker and author, famed for an admiring book on Napoleon.

He was born at the castle of Las Cases near Revel in Languedoc. He was educated at the military schools of Vendôme and Paris; he entered the navy and took part in various engagements of the years 1781–1782. The outbreak of the Revolution in 1789 caused him to emigrate, and he spent some years in Germany and England, sharing in the disastrous Quiberon expedition (1795). He was one of the few survivors and returned to London, where he lived in poverty until finding his vocation as a private tutor.

In 1801, in London and under the pseudonym A. Lesage, he published in English the original edition of his famous atlas, which immediately proved a great success. Returned to Paris after the Peace of Amiens (1802), and amnestied, he issued the first French edition in 1803-1804, called "Atlas historique, genealogique, chronologique et geographique de A. Lesage." Multiple editions, translations, spinoffs, several pirated, followed down to the 1850s. The atlas made Las Cases rich. It came to Napoleon's notice only when, in Las Cases's company, he went into exile on St. Helena (1815).

The Peace of Amiens (1802) made provision for an amnesty for emigres. Renouncing his hereditary title of marquis, Las Cases availed himself of this amnesty to repatriate himself. He returned to France during the Consulate with other royalists who rallied to the side of Napoleon, and stated afterwards to the emperor that he was conquered by his glory. Not until 1810 did he receive much notice from Napoleon's government, which then made him a chamberlain and created him a count of the empire. After the first abdication of the emperor (April 11, 1814), Las Cases retired to England, but returned to serve Napoleon during the Hundred Days.

The second abdication opened up for Las Cases the most noteworthy part of his career. He withdrew with the ex-emperor and a few other trusty followers to Rochefort; and it was Las Cases who first proposed and strongly urged the emperor to throw himself on the generosity of the British nation. Las Cases made the first overtures to Captain Maitland of HMS Bellerophon and received a guarded reply, the nature of which he afterwards misrepresented.

Las Cases and his son accompanied the ex-emperor to Saint Helena and acted informally but very assiduously as his secretary, taking down numerous notes of his conversations which thereafter took form in the famous Mémorial de Ste Hélène. The Mémorial should be read with great caution, as the compiler did not scruple to insert his own thoughts and to color the expressions of his master. In some cases he misstated facts and even fabricated documents.

It is far less trustworthy than the record penned by Gourgaud in his Journal. Disliked by Montholon and Gourgaud, Las Cases seems to have sought an opportunity to leave the island when he had accumulated sufficient literary material. However that may be, he infringed the British regulations in such a way as to lead to his expulsion by the governor, Sir Hudson Lowe (November, 1816). He was sent first to the Cape of Good Hope and thence to Europe, but was not at first allowed by the government of Louis XVIII to enter France. He resided at Brussels; but, gaining permission to come to Paris after the death of Napoleon, he took up his residence there, published the Mémorial, and soon gained an enormous sum from it. In 1840 when the expedition set sail for St. Helena to bring back Napoleon's body, he was too ill to go, but his son who had shared his captivity was able to go. He died in 1842 at Passy and is buried in Passy Cemetery.

See also

• François Carlo Antommarchi

References

• Mémoires de F A. D., comte de Las Cases (Brussels, 1818)
• Memorial de Ste Hélène (8 vols., London, 1823.)
• Suite au memorial de Ste Hélène, ou observations critiques, etc. (2 vols., Paris, 1824), anonymous, but known to be by Grille and Musset-Pathay.
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

(on the atlas) Walter Goffart, "Historical Atlases: The First Three Hundred Years" (Chicago, 2003), pp. 303-314.

• On line version of the Lesage Historical Atlas

External links

The main Napoleonic contest of the Americas bears the name of the famous memorialist, the international Count of Las Cases Memorial Prize.

Persondata
Name	Las Cases, Emmanuel De
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Date of birth	21 June 1766
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Date of death	15 May 1842
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