British Columbia Highway 1

Infobox road
state=BC
type=Hwy
route=1
alternate_name=Trans-Canada Highway

---

length_km=1039
length_round=0
length_ref=Fact|date=August 2007
established=1961Fact|date=August 2007
direction_a=West
direction_b=East
terminus_a=Victoria
junction=
terminus_b=jct|state=AB|Hwy|1 towards Banff, AB
previous_type=Hwy
previous_route=395
next_type=Hwy
next_route=1A

Highway 1 is the British Columbia section of the Trans-Canada Highway. Its total accumulated distance through British Columbia is 1,039 km (646 mi), including the distance travelled on ferries.

Vancouver Island section

The Vancouver Island branch of Highway 1, known locally as the "Island Highway" (a name shared with Highway 19), is the main thoroughfare on the south Island. The highway was first given the "1" designation in 1941, and originally went between Victoria and Kelsey Bay, a small coastal community north of Campbell River. Highway 1 on the Island was shortened to terminate in the downtown core of the city of Nanaimo in 1953, with the section north of Nanaimo being re-numbered 19. When the ferry route between Departure Bay in Nanaimo and Horseshoe Bay in West Vancouver was taken over by BC Ferries in 1961, Highway 1 on the Island was extended to the Departure Bay ferry dock.

Route details

The Island section of Highway 1, which is 117 km (73 mi) in total length, begins at the intersection of Douglas Street and Dallas Road in Victoria, where a large "mile zero" sign is erected. Highway 1 proceeds north through the city of Victoria for 4 km (2½ mi), passing by the southern terminus of Highway 17, before leaving the city at Tolmie Avenue. Once out of Victoria, Highway 1 heads west on a 14 km (9 mi) long four to six lane freeway, with four interchanges along its length, one of which leads to the start of Highway 14. The last light out of the Victoria suburb of Langford (Spencer Road) is to be replaced with an interchange by 2009, effectively extending the freeway section. The highway narrows to two lanes upon its entry into Goldstream Provincial Park. The highway from this point is known locally as the Malahat.

From the southern entrance to Goldstream park, the Malahat section of the highway, which is known for its steep grades, goes north for 20 km (12 mi), becoming three lanes on its exit from Goldstream park and passing through the community of Malahat proper en route, until it reaches the community of Mill Bay. North of Mill Bay, Highway 1 once again widens out into four lanes. The highway travels north for 29 km (18 mi), past a junction to Shawnigan Lake and the communities of Cobble Hill, Cowichan Bay and Duncan before reaching a junction with Highway 18. The highway then proceeds north for 10 km (6 mi) to a junction with Chemainus.

From the Chemainus junction, Highway 1 travels 11 km (7 mi) northwest into the city of Ladysmith, and northwest for another 13 km (8 mi) to a junction with the community of Cassidy. 6 km (4 mi) north of the Cassidy junction, Highway 1 enters the city of Nanaimo, where Highway 19 merges onto the highway from the B.C. Ferry terminal at Duke Point. 2 km north (1¼ mi), Highway 1 and Highway 19 split off at a junction with Cedar Road. Highway 19 proceeds west, while Highway 1 continues north. Highway 1 proceeds through the city of Nanaimo for 8 km (5 mi) north to the B.C. Ferry terminal at Departure Bay, where the Island section of Highway 1 terminates.

The Trans-Canada Highway then enters Departure Bay proper via ferry, turning east-northeast to enter the Strait of Georgia just north of Newcastle Island. The downtown core of Vancouver is visible from the ferry as it approaches the entrance to Howe Sound. Highway 1 turns north-northeast just west of Passage Island to enter Queen Charlotte Channel, then rounds the Whytecliff Peninsula to enter the Horseshoe Bay ferry terminal, 57 km (30 nmi) from the Departure Bay dock.

Lower Mainland section

Like its Island section, the Highway on the Lower Mainland was first given the "1" designation in 1941. Highway 1's original alignment started out within the city limits of Vancouver, and followed Kingsway from Vancouver to Surrey, and then went along the Fraser Highway to Clearbrook. From Chilliwack, the highway originally went to Rosedale, which is a community just east of Chilliwack, along Yale Road, then along Flood-Hope Road to where it picks up its current alignment just across the Fraser River from Hope.

In 1959, Highway 1 was given an extension from within Vancouver to Horseshoe Bay by way of the Lions' Gate Bridge and Taylor Way in West Vancouver. In 1962, the section between Clearbrook and Chilliwack was re-routed to a new expressway.

In 1964, the Clearbrook-Rosedale section of Highway 1 was restored to its original alignment. Also in that year, a new expressway, originally designated as Highway 401, opened up on Highway 1's current alignment between West Vancouver and Rosedale. The expressway became part of Highway 1 in 1973.

In 1986, Highway 1 between Chilliwack and Hope was improved to a freeway. Through the 1990s, all signals and intersections on Highway 1 through Greater Vancouver were removed, making the entire section of Highway 1 between Horseshoe Bay and Hope a freeway.

Route details

Highway 1's total length in the Lower Mainland is 170 km (106 mi) long. On the mainland, the highway begins at the Horseshoe Bay ferry terminal in West Vancouver. From here to the Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing, the highway is known locally as the "Upper Levels Highway". There are nine interchanges on the 14 km (9 mi) stretch of the Highway within West Vancouver. The first interchange east of Horseshoe Bay brings Highway 99 onto a common alignment with Highway 1. After Taylor Way, where Highway 99 takes the exit off Highway 1, the highway then crosses over the Capilano River into the District of North Vancouver. Highway 1 travels for 9 km (6 mi) through the District and the City of North Vancouver, passing through seven interchanges, until crossing the 1292 m (4239 ft) long Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing over the Burrard Inlet into Vancouver. (The bridge, previously known as the Second Narrows Bridge, was renamed to honour the 27 workers who lost their lives during its construction.)

The 4 km (2½ mi) long stretch of Highway 1 through the eastern part of Vancouver is the only freeway within Vancouver's city limits. In Vancouver, Highway 1 travels through the Cassiar Tunnel and passes through three interchanges before crossing into Burnaby at the interchange with Boundary Road. The Burnaby stretch of Highway 1 is 11 km long (7 mi), and goes through four interchanges before proceeding into Coquitlam. The Coquitlam stretch of Highway 1 lasts 7 km (4 mi), with two interchanges along its length. The easternmost interchange on Highway 1 in Coquitlam leads to Highway 7. Once out of Coquitlam, Highway 1 crosses the Fraser River over the Port Mann Bridge into Surrey.

In Surrey, Highway 1 has three interchanges, the most easterly interchange of the three leading to Highway 15. 12 km (7 mi) east of the Highway's entry into Surrey, the Highway crosses into the Township of Langley. There are three interchanges on Highway 1 in its 18 km (11 mi) long stretch through Langley. One leads to 200 St., Langley's major thoroughfare, the second leads to Highway 10, and the third leads to Highway 13. Highway 1 then crosses from the Greater Vancouver Regional District into the Fraser Valley Regional District on its entry into Abbotsford. There are six interchanges on Highway 1 in its 33 km (21 mi) long stretch through Abbotsford, one of which leads to Highway 11. Once Highway 1 leaves Abbotsford, it crosses over the Vedder Canal into Chilliwack. The highway goes through Chilliwack for 24 km (15 mi), passing through five interchanges within the city.

2 km (1¼ mi) after leaving Chilliwack, Highway 1 reaches an interchange with Highway 9. East of the Highway 9 interchange, Highway 1 hugs the south bank of the Fraser River for 35 km (22 mi), passing through seven interchanges, until reaching the interchange with Highway 3 at Hope. Highway 1 takes the exit off the freeway at this point. (The freeway alignments of Highways 3 and 5 continue from this exit, Exit 170, and continue unbroken until it meets up again with Highway 1 just west of Kamloops at Exit 362.) Most traffic traveling between Hope and Kamloops follow Highway 5 as it takes over an hour and a half less time to travel compared to following Highway 1.

Interior section

In the Kootenays, Highway 1 originally went around the Rogers Pass area in its section from Revelstoke to Golden. In 1962, the section of Highway between Revelstoke and Golden was re-routed through Rogers Pass. Over the 1970s and 1980s, Highway 1's alignment between Hope and Cache Creek underwent a massive overhaul, including new tunnels and river spans. In Kamloops, a new bypass was constructed to re-route traffic on Highway 1 around the downtown area of the city.

Route details

The Interior section of Highway 1 is 695 km (432 mi) long, and closely follows the path of the Canadian Pacific Railway. After leaving the freeway, Highway 1 courses through the town centre of Hope for 2 km (1¼ mi) before heading north across the Fraser River. At this point, Highway 1 becomes two lanes. 1 km (about ½ mi) north of the Fraser crossing, Highway 1 reaches its east junction with Highway 7. Continuing from the Highway 7 junction, Highway 1 goes 106 km (66 mi) north on a route that includes seven mountain tunnels, past the communities of Yale, Spuzzum and Boston Bar, before reaching its junction with Highway 12 at Lytton. Leaving the Fraser River, and following the Thompson River another 37 km (23 mi) northeast, Highway 1 reaches a junction with another numbered route, Highway 8. 38 km (24 mi) north of the Highway 8 junction, Highway 1 passes through a junction with Highway 97C. Continuing 5 km (3 mi) north, the highway reaches the community of Cache Creek, where Highway 97 merges onto the Trans-Canada from the north.

East of Cache Creek, Highways 1 and 97 proceed on their common alignment for 72 km(45 mi), passing through Savona en route to the point where Highway 1 enters the area belonging to the city of Kamloops. Highway 5 merges onto the Trans-Canada from the south at this point, returning the freeway to Highway 1.

The 1/97/5 concurrency proceeds east for 12 km (7 mi) on a freeway through the western part of Kamloops to where Highway 5 diverges north. Highways 1 and 97 leave Kamloops to the east 7 km (4 mi) later. The highway continues east for another 19 km (12 mi) to Monte Creek, where the freeway ends and Highway 97 diverges south from Highway 1. For the next 82 km (51 mi) east, Highway 1 takes a winding two-lane route through the communities of Pritchard, Chase and Sorrento before reaching the city of Salmon Arm on Shuswap Lake. Highway 97B meets Highway 1 in Salmon Arm.

After Salmon Arm, Highway 1 goes east for 27 km (17 mi) to a junction with Highway 97A at Sicamous. Over the next 71 km (44 mi) east, Highway 1 winds through the communities of Malakwa, Craigellachie and the Three Valley Gap, before reaching its junction with Highway 23 at Revelstoke, on the Columbia River. The next 148 km (92 mi) of Highway 1 to Golden winds east through Mount Revelstoke National Park and Glacier National Park, where the Rogers Pass area is located. There are seven snow sheds on Highway 1 just west of Rogers Pass.

After Glacier National Park and a time zone boundary crossing, Highway 1 passes over the Columbia River again at Donald, and then reaches its junction with Highway 95 at Golden. 73 km (45 mi) east of Golden, after Highway 1 has passed through Yoho National Park and the community of Field, Highway 1 crosses the Continental Divide (via Kicking Horse Pass) into Alberta.

Exit list

Vancouver Island segment

Note: highlight|Exits highlighted with yellow|#ffffdd are at-grade intersections highlight|Exits highlighted with blue|#eeeeff are under construction

Interior segment

Note: highlight|Exits highlighted with yellow|#ffffdd are at-grade intersections highlight|Exits highlighted with blue|#eeeeff are under construction

Trivia

*Two separate exits in each direction are given the number "28A". One leads to Grandview Hwy and the other leads to Boundary Rd. The problem is, there is no "Exit 28B", although some maps mark the Grandview Hwy exit "28B". To solve the problem, each exit can be renumbered "28", but that has not been implemented as a certain undertaking. A similar situation is found on Highway 99 in the north part of Richmond, although it has since been renumbered.
*Since then, a new traffic light configuration that replaced the slip-ramp configuration from Route 1 to Keith Rd. has been installed, with the flyover removed and the Argyle Ave. to Route 1 NB ramp removed ( though the Bay St. to Route 1 SB ramp remains). This makes the actual freeway start at the Marine Dr. overpass at Exit 0, instead of at the Horseshoe Bay Ferry Terminal as most people denote it.

External links

* [http://www3.telus.net/bcpl8s/roadtour.htm B.C. Highways road tours]