Stanley G. Payne

Stanley George Payne (born 1934 in Denton, Texas) is a historian of modern Spain and European Fascism at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He retired from full time teaching in 2004 and is currently Professor Emeritus at its Department of History. [ [http://history.wisc.edu/people/emeriti/payne.htm Department of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison] ] Payne is one of the modern theorists of fascism. [Roger Griffin. "The Nature of Fascism". Routledge. 1993. p. 6] He is a specialist in Spanish fascism and he has also produced comparative analysis of Western European fascism. Payne is known for his typological description of fascism. He also asserts that Nazism and Communism are closely related. ["The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right." Routledge. 2002. p.67]

In the 1960s, his books were edited in Spanish by "Ruedo Ibérico", an illegal editing company at the time, as his work was censured by Franco. His position regarding the Spanish Civil War has been that of shedding light on the conflict's origin and addressing its related myths. One of his more famous books is "Spanish Civil War, The Soviet Union and Communism". This book demonstrates Stalin and the Soviet government's intervention in Spain. He also wrote "The Franco Regime", "The Spanish Civil War" and "A History of Fascism 1914-1945". Regarding the Spanish Civil War, Payne has defended the work of Pío Moa, a revisionist writer who has argued that the Spanish Civil War was caused by radical Left factions who had destroyed all democratic notions by 1934. [http://wais.stanford.edu/Spain/spain_piomoaandthecivilwar7803.html SPAIN: Pio Moa and the Civil War ] ] Payne himself has also stated that "If that (loyalty to constitutionalism) had been the scrupulous policy of the left, there would have been no revolt and civil war". [http://libro.uca.edu/payne2/payne26.htm Payne, Stanley G. A History of Spain and Portugal, Vol. 2, Ch. 26, p. 646-647 (Print Edition: University of Wisconsin Press, 1973) (LIBRARY OF IBERIAN RESOURCES ONLINE Accessed May 15, 2007)] ] In Payne's view, what he calls political correctness, i.e. a general pro-leftist bias in academia has led to an underestimation of the guilt of the Republican side in the war.

Payne uses a lengthy itemized list of characteristics to identify fascism, including the creation of an authoritarian state; a regulated, state-integrated economic sector; fascist symbolism; anti-liberalism; anti-communism, and anti-conservatism. [Payne, Stanley (1980). "Fascism: Comparison and Definition". University of Wisconsin Press, p.7] As the common aim of all fascist movements he sees elimination of the autonomy or in some cases complete existence of large-scale capitalism. [Payne, Stanley (1996). "A History of Fascism". Routledge. ISBN 1857285956 p.10]

Books

*Falange: A History of Spanish Fascism, 1961
*Politics and the Military in Modern Spain, 1967
*Franco's Spain, 1967
*The Spanish Revolution, 1970
*A History of Spain and Portugal, 1973
*Basque Nationalism, 1975
*La revolución y la guerra civil española, 1976
*Fascism: Comparison and Definition, 1980
*Spanish Catholicism: An Historical Overview, 1984
*The Franco Regime, 1936-1975, 1988
*Franco: El perfil de la historia, 1992
*Spain's First Democracy: The Second Republic, 1931-1936, 1993
*A History of Fascism 1914-1945, 1996
*El primer franquismo, 1939-1959: Los años de la autarquía, 1998
*Fascism in Spain 1923-1977, 2000
*The Spanish Civil War, the Soviet Union, and Communism 1931-1939, 2004

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