- Papilionoidea
Taxobox
name = Papilionoidea
image_width = 200px
image_caption = "Kamehameha"
regnum =Animal ia
phylum =Arthropod a
classis =Insect a
ordo =Lepidoptera
subordo =Ditrysia
unranked_familia =Rhopalocera
superfamilia = Papilionoidea
superfamilia_authority =Latreille , 1802
subdivision_ranks = Families
subdivision =
*Papilionidae
*Pieridae
* Nymphalidae
*Lycaenidae
*Riodinidae Thesuperfamily Papilionoidea (from the word "papilion", meaning "butterfly") contains all the butterflies except for the skippers, which are classified in superfamilyHesperioidea , and the moth-likeHedyloidea .A proposed phylogenetic position of the Papilionoidea is as follows: [ [http://tolweb.org/Ditrysia/11868 Tree of Life] Accessed January 2007] clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
label1=Rhopalocera
1= clade
1=Papilionoidea (true butterflies)
2=Hesperiidae (skippers)
3=Hedylidae (American butterfly moths)Some authors treat this group as a series Papilioniformes within a single superfamily that also includes the skippers. However not all authors agree that all the butterflies constitute a singleclade . The skippers are significantly different from the other butterflies. The members of the Papilionoidea may be distinguished by the following combination of characters:
*the body is smaller and less moth-like.
*the wings are larger.
*the antennae are straight and clubbed (rather than hooked as in the skippers).
*thecaterpillar s do not spin cocoons topupa te in.
*the pupae are angular rather than rounded.Families of Papilionoidea
The five well-supported families of Papilionoidea are:
*Swallowtails andBirdwing s,Papilionidae
*Whites or Yellow-Whites,Pieridae
*Blues and Coppers or Gossamer-Winged Butterflies,Lycaenidae
*Metalmark butterflies,Riodinidae
*Brush-footed butterflies,Nymphalidae which contain the following 13 subfamilies:
** the snout butterflies orLibytheinae (formerly the family Libytheidae).
** the Danaids orDanainae (formerly the family Danaidae).
** theTellervinae .
** the glasswings orIthomiinae .
** theCalinaginae .
** the morphos and owls orMorphinae (including the owls as tribe Brassolini).
** the Browns orSatyrinae (formerly the family Satyridae).
** theCharaxinae (preponas and leaf butterflies).
** theBiblidinae .
** theApaturinae .
** the nymphs orNymphalinae .
** theLimenitidinae (especially the adelphas) (formerly the family Limenitididae).
** the tropical longwings orHeliconiinae .Of the subfamilies of Nymphalidae, only the Morphinae and Satyrinae are possibly paraphyletic, but these two subfamilies form a strongly-supported clade with the Charaxinae as sister-group. [Gerardo Lamas (2008) Systematics of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) in the world: current state abd future prespectives (in Spanish). In: Jorge Llorente-Bousquets and Analía Lanteri (eds.) "Contribuiciones taxonómicas en ordens de insectos hiperdiversos". Mexico City: UNAM. Pp. 57-70.]
References
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