Great Manmade River

. Some sources cite it as the largest engineering project ever undertaken.

According to its website, it is the largest underground network of pipes and viaducts in the world. It consists of more than 1300 wells, most more than 500 m deep, and supplies 6,500,000 m³ of freshwater per day to the cities of Tripoli, Benghazi, Sirt and elsewhere. Muammar al-Gaddafi has described it as the "Eighth Wonder of the World."Fact|date=January 2008

History

In 1953, efforts to find oil in southern Libya led to the discovery of huge quantities of fresh water underground. The GMRP was conceived in the late 1960s and work on the project began in 1984. The project's construction was divided into five logically separate phases. The first phase required 85 million m³ of excavation and was inaugurated on August 28, 1991. The second phase (dubbed "First water to Tripoli") was inaugurated on September 1, 1996.

The project is owned by the Great Man-made River Authority and funded by the Libyan government. Brown & Root and Price Brothers were responsible for the original design, and the primary contractor for the first phases was Dong Ah and present main contractor is Al Nahr Company Ltd. This company was registered in England and Wales as a foreign company FC017848 until July 31, 2003.

The total cost of the project is projected at more than 25 billion US dollars. Libya claims to have completed the work to date without the financial support of major countries or loans from world banks. Since 1990, UNESCO has provided training to engineers and technicians involved with the project.

The fossil aquifer from which this water is being supplied is known as the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System. It accumulated during the last ice age and is not currently being replenished.

A large, recently-settled lawsuit arose from the project, between the Libyan government and Brasoil, a subsidiary of the Brazilian national oil company, which was contracted to drill many of the wells in the early stages of the project. Many (hundreds) of the wells in the project collapsed or failed prematurely for unexplained reasons.

The Guinness World Records 2008 book has acknowledged this as the world's largest irrigation project.

Timeline

*3 October 1983: The General People's Congress held an extraordinary session to draft the resolutions of the basic people's Congresses, which decided to fund and execute the Great Man-Made River Project.

*28 August 1984: Muammar al-Gaddafi lays the foundation stone in Sarir area for the commencement of the construction of the Great Man-Made River Project.

*28 August 1986: Muammar al-Qaddafi inaugurated the Brega plant for the production of the Pre-stressed Concrete Cylinder pipes, which are considered the largest pipes made with pre-stressed steel wire. Sarir plant was also inaugurated on this date.

*26 August 1989: Muammar al-Qaddafi lays the foundation stone for phase II of the Great Man-Made River Project.

First water arrival

*11 September 1989: to Ajdabiya reservoir.

*28 September 1989: to Grand Omar Muktar reservoir.

*4 September 1991: to Al Gardabiya reservoir.

*28 August 1996: to Tripoli.

*28 September 2007: to Gharyan.

See also

* Center pivot irrigation

References

* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4814988.stm BBC News: Libya's thirst for 'fossil water'] (article contains map of pipe network)
* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9113434 Project article at Encyclopædia Britannica]
* [http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/2008/default.aspx Guinness World Records 2008 Book] . ISBN 978-1-904994-18-3.

External links

* [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=24.160309,23.440018&spn=0.331375,0.648399&t=k&hl=en Google Maps GMMR Farms] , [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=28.244476,14.887848&spn=0.821915,1.108932&t=k&hl=en Google Maps EJH] , [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=28.905716,14.540405&spn=0.432587,0.583649&z=6&t=k&hl=en Google Maps NEJH]
* [http://www.water-technology.net/projects/gmr/ Great Manmade River Project Info]
* [http://www.galenfrysinger.com/man_made_river_libya.htm The Man Made River, Libya]
* [http://www.webshots.com/search?query=man+made+river&new=1&source=search_results_bottom.htm Photos of the construction]
* [http://www.gmmra.org/index.htm Great Man-Made River Authority]
* [http://www.unesco.org/water/ihp/prizes/great_man/index.shtml Great Man-Made River International Water Prize]