Combined hyperlipidemia

Combined hyperlipidemia
Combined hyperlipidemia
Classification and external resources
ICD-10 E78.4
ICD-9 272.4

In medicine, combined hyperlipidemia (or -aemia) (also known as "Multiple-type hyperlipoproteinemia") is a commonly occurring form of hypercholesterolemia (elevated cholesterol levels) characterised by increased LDL and triglyceride concentrations, often accompanied by decreased HDL.[1]:534 On lipoprotein electrophoresis (a test now rarely performed) it shows as a hyperlipoproteinemia type IIB. It is the most common inherited lipid disorder, occurring in approximately one in two hundred persons. In fact, almost one in five individuals who develop coronary heart disease before the age of sixty will have this disorder.

The elevated triglyceride levels (>5 mmol/l) are generally due to an increase in VLDL (very low density lipoprotein), a class of lipoprotein that is prone to cause atherosclerosis.

Contents

Types

There are two forms of this lipid disorder:

  • Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) is the familial occurrence of this disorder, probably caused by polymorphisms in molecules and enzymes that participate in lipoprotein metabolism, such as ApoCII and ApoCIII and CETP (cholesterylester transferring protein).
  • Acquired combined hyperlipidemia is extremely common in patients who suffer from other diseases from the metabolic syndrome ("syndrome X", incorporating diabetes mellitus type II, hypertension, central obesity and CH). Excessive free fatty acid production by various tissues leads to increased VLDL synthesis by the liver. Initially, most VLDL is converted into LDL until this mechanism is saturated, after which VLDL levels elevate.

Treatment

Both conditions are treated with fibrate drugs, which act on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), specifically PPARα, to decrease free fatty acid production.

Statin drugs, especially the synthetic statins (atorvastatin and rosuvastatin) can decrease LDL levels by increasing hepatic reuptake of LDL due to increased LDL-receptor expression.

See also

  • Primary hyperlipoproteinemia

References

  1. ^ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0. 

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • combined hyperlipidemia — a generic designation for a hyperlipidemia in which several classes of lipids are elevated; usually used to denote the phenotype of a type II b hyperlipoproteinemia. See table of hyperlipoproteinemias …   Medical dictionary

  • familial combined hyperlipidemia — a genetically heterogeneous, autosomal dominant disorder of lipoprotein metabolism manifest in adulthood as either hypercholesterolemia (type II a hyperlipoproteinemia phenotype), hypertriglyceridemia (type IV hyperlipoproteinemia phenotype), or… …   Medical dictionary

  • Hyperlipidemia — DiseasesDB = 6255 MeshID = D006949 Hyperlipidemia, hyperlipoproteinemia or dyslipidemia is the presence of raised or abnormal levels of lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood. Lipids (fatty molecules) are transported in a protein capsule, and… …   Wikipedia

  • multiple lipoprotein–type hyperlipidemia — familial combined h …   Medical dictionary

  • Familial hypercholesterolemia — Classification and external resources Xanthelasma palpebrarum, yellowish patches consisting of cholesterol deposits above the eyelids. These are more common in people with FH. ICD …   Wikipedia

  • Policosanol — Drugbox IUPAC name = CAS number = ATC prefix = C10 ATC suffix = AX08 PubChem = DrugBank = chemical formula = CH3 (CH2)n CH2OH n=24 34 molecular weight = bioavailability = protein bound = metabolism = elimination half life = excretion = pregnancy… …   Wikipedia

  • Dyslipidemia — is a disruption in the amount of lipids in the blood.In western societies, most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias; that is, an elevation of lipids in the blood, often due to diet and lifestyle. The prolonged elevation of insulin levels can lead… …   Wikipedia

  • USF1 — Upstream transcription factor 1, also known as USF1, is a human gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: USF1 upstream transcription factor 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene Cmd=ShowDetailView TermToSearch=7391| accessdate = ] …   Wikipedia

  • Abetalipoproteinemia — Classification and external resources Micrograph showing enterocytes with a clear cytoplasm (due to lipid accumulation) characteristic of abetalipoproteinemia. Duodenal bi …   Wikipedia

  • Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency — Classification and external resources Carnitine ICD 9 …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”