Miller's Crossing

Miller's Crossing
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Joel Coen
Produced by	Ethan Coen
Written by	Joel and Ethan Coen
Starring	Gabriel Byrne Albert Finney Marcia Gay Harden John Turturro Jon Polito
Music by	Carter Burwell
Cinematography	Barry Sonnenfeld
Editing by	Michael R. Miller
Distributed by	20th Century Fox
Release date(s)	September 21, 1990 (1990-09-21)
Running time	115 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$14 million
Box office	$5,080,409 (North American)

Miller's Crossing is a 1990 American gangster film by the Coen brothers and starring Gabriel Byrne, Albert Finney, Marcia Gay Harden, Jon Polito and John Turturro. The plot concerns a power struggle between two rival gangs and how the protagonist, Tom Reagan (Gabriel Byrne), plays both sides off each other.

In 2005, Time chose Miller's Crossing as one of the 100 greatest films made since the inception of the periodical. Time critic Richard Corliss called it a "noir with a touch so light, the film seems to float on the breeze like the Frisbee of a fedora sailing through the forest."

Plot

Tom Reagan (Byrne) is the long-time confidant of Leo O'Bannon (Finney), an Irish American political boss who runs a Prohibition-era city. When Leo's Italian rival Johnny Caspar (Polito) announces his intentions to kill bookie Bernie Bernbaum (Turturro), Leo goes against Tom's advice and extends his protection to Bernie. Bernie is the brother of Verna Bernbaum (Harden), an opportunistic gun moll who shares a longtime relationship with Leo as well as a secret affair with Tom. Leo and Caspar go to war as a consequence.

Tom tries everything he can to convince Verna and Leo to give Bernie up to Caspar to end the war, but neither will budge. After an assassination attempt on Leo, Tom reveals his affair with Verna, causing Leo to beat Tom up and turn his back on both. With no alternative, Tom goes to work for Caspar, and is immediately commanded to kill Bernie at Miller's Crossing to prove his loyalty.

Bernie pleads with Tom to spare him, and Tom allows him to escape. The war goes well for Caspar and he assumes Leo's position as boss of the city. However, Tom begins sowing discord between Caspar and his most trusted enforcer, Eddie Dane (Freeman). At the same time, Bernie returns and tries to blackmail Tom into killing Caspar.

Tom's machinations convince Caspar to kill Eddie Dane. Tom then arranges a meeting with Bernie, but sends Caspar instead. Bernie gets the jump on Caspar and kills him. Tom arrives and tricks Bernie into giving up his gun, saying they could blame Eddie Dane, then reveals his intention to kill Bernie despite gaining no advantage from it. Bernie once again begs for mercy, saying "Look into your heart", but Tom shoots him.

Tom and Leo reconcile now that Tom has personally ended the gang war. Verna has also won her way back into Leo's good graces, but she reacts coldly to Tom. On the day Bernie is being buried, Leo announces that Verna has proposed to him, and offers Tom his old job back. Tom refuses. He remains behind and watches Leo leave.

Cast

• Gabriel Byrne as Tom Reagan
• Marcia Gay Harden as Verna Bernbaum
• Albert Finney as Leo O'Bannon
• John Turturro as Bernie Bernbaum
• Jon Polito as Johnny Caspar
• J. E. Freeman as Eddie Dane
• Steve Buscemi as Mink Larouie

Production

While writing the screenplay, the Coen brothers tentatively titled the film The Bighead—their nickname for Tom Reagan. The first image they conceived was that of a black hat coming to rest in a forest clearing; then, a gust of wind lifts it into the air, sending it flying down an avenue of trees. This image begins the film's opening credit sequence.

Because of the intricate, dense plot, the Coens suffered from writer's block while working on the script. They went to stay with a close friend of theirs at the time, William Preston Robertson in St. Paul, Minnesota, in the hopes that a change of scenery might help. After watching Baby Boom one night, they returned to New York City and wrote Barton Fink (in three weeks) before resuming the Miller's Crossing screenplay.

The budget was reported by film industry magazines as $14 million, but the Coens claimed in interviews that it was only $10 million. During the casting process, they had envisioned Trey Wilson (who played Nathan Arizona in their previous film Raising Arizona) as gangster boss Leo O'Bannon, but two days before the first day of principal photography he died from a brain hemorrhage. Finney was subsequently cast.

The Coens cast family and friends in minor roles. Finney also appears in a very brief cameo as an elderly female ladies' room attendant. Sam Raimi, director and friend of the Coens, appears as the snickering gunman at the siege of the Sons of Erin social club, while Frances McDormand, Joel Coen's wife, appears as the Mayor's secretary. The role of The Swede was written for Peter Stormare, but he could not be cast since he was playing Hamlet at the time. J. E. Freeman was cast and the name of the character was changed to The Dane, while Stormare went on to be featured in Fargo and The Big Lebowski.

The city in which the film takes place is unidentified, but was shot in New Orleans as the Coen Brothers were attracted to its look. Ethan Coen commented in an interview, "There are whole neighborhoods here of nothing but 1929 architecture. New Orleans is sort of a depressed city; it hasn’t been gentrified. There’s a lot of architecture that hasn’t been touched, store-front windows that haven’t been replaced in the last sixty years."^[1]

During filming, the New Orleans police would arrive semi-regularly to assess fines for permits the film crew had already procured. Joel Coen commented to Premiere during shooting, "They are acting precisely like the cops that we're depicting in the movie, and they don't even care!"

Influences

Miller's Crossing contains references to many other gangster films and film noir. Many of its situations, characters and dialogue are derived from the work of Dashiell Hammett, especially his 1931 novel The Glass Key and the 1942 film that was adapted from it. Though several important plot points are different, there are significant parallels between the two stories, and many scenes and lines are culled directly from Hammett's novel.

Another important source was Hammett's novel Red Harvest (1929), which details the story of a gang war in a corrupt American city, a war initiated by the machinations of the main character. The film contains no scenes, characters, or dialogue from Red Harvest, whereas it follows the plot and main characters of The Glass Key fairly closely.

Reception

Miller's Crossing was a box-office failure at the time, making slightly more than $5 million, out of its $10–$14 million budget.^[2] However, it has made a great deal of revenue in video and DVD sales. The film was critically acclaimed, and has a 90% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and 66 on Metacritic.^[3]

Film critic David Thomson calls the film "a superb, languid fantasia on the theme of the gangster film that repays endless viewing."^[4] Of Turturro's performance he says "This could be the finest work of one of our best supporting actors".

Miller's Crossing won the Critic's Award at the 2nd Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival in February 1991.^[5]

In 2008, the film was nominated for AFI's Top 10 Gangster Films list.^[6]

Soundtrack

Original Motion Picture Soundtrack: Miller's Crossing
Soundtrack album by Carter Burwell
Released	October 17, 1990
Genre	Film score
Length	28:03
Label	Varèse Sarabande
Coen brothers film soundtracks chronology
Raising Arizona (1987) Miller's Crossing (1990) Barton Fink (1991)

Professional ratings
Review scores
Source	Rating
Allmusic	[7]

The score to Miller's Crossing is written by Carter Burwell, the third of his collaborations with the Coen brothers. The theme is evidently inspired by a traditional Irish tune - "Lament for Limerick".

Selections of the soundtrack are reflective of the American 1920s era in which the film is set, with jazz band tunes such as the "King Porter Stomp" and "Running Wild". The soundtrack also includes "Danny Boy", sung by Frank Patterson, an Irish tenor, which is played during the scene in which Albert Finney's character Leo evades and then kills his assassins with a Thompson submachine gun. Patterson can also be heard singing the Jimmy Campbell song, Goodnight Sweetheart, in the scene where Leo punches Tom down the stairs of his Shenandoah Club.

Track listing

1. "Opening Titles" – 1:53
2. "Caspar Laid Out" – 1:57
3. "A Man and His Hat" – 0:56
4. "King Porter Stomp" (performed by Jelly Roll Morton) – 2:09
5. "The Long Way Around" – 1:39
6. "Miller's Crossing" – 2:35
7. "After Miller's Crossing" – 0:42
8. "Runnin' Wild" (performed by Joe Grey) – 3:06
9. "All a You Whores" – 0:24
10. "Nightmare in the Trophy Room" – 1:37
11. "He Didn't Like His Friends" – 0:24
12. "Danny Boy" (performed by Frank Patterson) – 4:05
13. "What Heart?" – 0:49
14. "End Titles" – 4:44
15. "Goodnight Sweetheart" (performed by Frank Patterson) – 0:54

References

1. ^ Levy, Steven (2000). ""Shot By Shot," Joel and Ethan Coen: Blood Siblings". Plexus. pp. 75. 
2. ^ "Miller's Crossing box office". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=millerscrossing.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-16. 
3. ^ Miller's Crossing at Metacritic
4. ^ Thomson, David (2008), "Have You Seen...?", New York: Knopf, p. 554.
5. ^ "YUBARI INTERNATIONAL FANTASTIC ADVENTURE FILM FESTIVAL'91". yubarifanta.com. http://yubarifanta.com/index_pc.php?ct=archive.php&langue=21002. Retrieved 2009-09-19. 
6. ^ AFI's 10 Top 10 Ballot
7. ^ Miller's Crossing soundtrack album at Allmusic

External links

• Miller's Crossing at the Internet Movie Database
• Miller's Crossing at AllRovi
• Miller's Crossing at Rotten Tomatoes