Surrey Theatre

Infobox Theatre
name = Surrey Theatre


image_size =
caption =
address = Blackfriars Road, Lambeth
city = London
country =
designation = "Demolished 1934"
latitude = 51.505556
longitude = -0.104444
architect = "Unknown"
owner =
capacity = 1865 2,161 in four tiers
type =
opened =
yearsactive = 1782–1924
rebuilt = 1800 Rudolphe Carbanel
1806 Rudolphe Carbanel
1865 John Ellis
1904 Kirk and Kirk
closed =
othernames = Davidge's Royal Surrey
Theatre Royal Circus
Royal Surrey Theatre
Surrey Vaudeville Theatre
Surrey Theatre of Varieties
production =
currentuse = Site occupied by modern flats
website = The Surrey Theatre began life in 1782 as the Royal Circus and Equestrian Philharmonic Academy, one of the many circuses that provided contemporary London entertainment of both horsemanship and drama. It stood in Blackfriars Road, near the junction with Westminster Bridge Road, in the London Borough of Lambeth, which was then an entertainment centre.

History

The "Royal Circus" was opened on 4 November, 1782 by the composer and song writer, Charles Dibdin (who coined the word "circus") [ [http://www.peopleplayuk.org.uk/guided_tours/circus_tour/the_first_circus/default.php "Mr Philip Astley’s Introduction to The First Circus in England" PeoplePlay UK] accessed 18 Mar 2007] , aided by Charles Hughes, a well-known equestrian performer. The entertainments were at first performed by children with the goal of its being a nursery for young actors. Delphini, a celebrated buffo, became manager in 1788 and produced a spectacle including a real stag-hunt. Other animal acts followed, including the popular dog act "Gelert and Victor", lecture pieces, pantomimes and local spectacles. The popular comedian, John Palmer, then managed the theatre until 1789Walford, pp. 368-83] , until he was committed to Horsemonger Lane Gaol as "a rogue and a vagabond". [http://www.arthurlloyd.co.uk/surrey.htm "The Royal Circus and Surrey Theatre"] (Arthur Lloyd theatre history), accessed 10 July 2008]

It continued in use until 1810, although it had a troubled existence, being burnt down in 1799 and on 12 August 1805. Rebuilt in 1806 by the Italian architect of the Old Vic, Rudolph Cabanel, it was converted into a theatre by Robert Elliston. He renamed it the Surrey Theatre determined to perform Shakespeare and other plays. He reopened on Easter Monday and to avoid trouble with the law, which did not allow dialogue to be spoken without musical accompaniment except at the two patent theatres, he put a ballet into every such production, including "Macbeth", "Hamlet", and Farquhar's "The Beaux' Stratagem". Contemporary reviewers noted that the Lambeth streets teemed with prostitutes. [http://www.compulink.co.uk/~museumgh/local%20history%20C "The Railway Age" Museum of Garden History (Lambeth Local History)] accessed 18 Mar 2007] Elliston left in 1814, and the Surrey became a circus again until Thomas Dibdin reopened it as a theatre in 1816. The arena where the equestrian exercises had been displayed was converted into a large pit for spectators, and the stables became saloons. Fanny Fitzwilliam and Sally Brook starred in melodramas, but the theatre had little success overall. John Baldwin Buckstone made his first London appearance at the theatre, on January 30 1823, as Ramsay in "The Fortunes of Nigel". George Holland also appeared at the theatre, in 1826.

When Elliston returned in 1827, the theatre's fortunes changed, with the production on 8 June 1829 of Douglas Jerrold's melodrama "Black-Ey'd Susan", which with T. P. Cooke as "William", the nautical hero, had a run of over 300 nights (which was extraordinarily successful for the time). Elliston himself made his last appearance at this theatre on 24 June 1831, twelve days before he died. Osbaldiston then took over, and among other plays produced Edward Fitzball's "Jonathan Bradford; or, the Murder at the Roadside Inn", which ran for 260 nights. Productions of Dickens dramas, among others, followed. Ira Aldridge, the first successful black actor, appeared here in the 1840s. C. Z. Barnett's adaptation, "A Christmas Carol; or, The Miser's Warning" played in 1844. Richard Shepherd, who succeeded Alfred Bunn in 1848, remained at the theatre until 1869 and established its reputation for 'rough-and-tumble' transpontine melodrama.

On 29 January 1865, during the last scene of the pantomime "Richard Coeur de Lion", a fire begun above the chandelier. The audience evacuated safely, but before the cast could leave, the entire theatre was plunged into darkness – as the gas supervisor cut the gas supply to prevent an explosion. Panic ensued backstage, but the cast were lead to safety through the burning scenery, by the efforts of Green (acting manager), Rowella (the 'clown'), Evans (the 'pantaloon'), Vivian (the 'sprite') and others. The cast, still in their flimsy stage clothes were conveyed to their lodgings in a fleet of cabs, provided by the police. In less than ten minutes the interior was ablaze, and the theatre was burnt down, shortly after midnight. [ [http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=940DE0D6153EEE34BC4152DFB466838E679FDE&oref=slogin "The Surrey Theatre: Its total destruction by fire",] "London News", "The New York Times", 30 January 1865, accessed [10 July] 2008]

A new theatre, designed by John Ellis, seating 2,161 people in four tiers, opened on 26 December 1865. Little of note took place until 1881, when George Conquest took over, staging sensational dramas, many of them written by himself, which proved extremely popular, and each Christmas a pantomime.

The Surrey prospered until his death in 1901. The theatre was remodelled by Kirk and Kirk, as a music hall, but did not prosper becoming a cinema in 1920. It finally closed in 1924, and the building was demolished in 1934. The site is now occupied by modern flats.

Notes

References

* Earl, John and Michael Sell. "Guide to British Theatres 1750-1950", pp. 250 (Theatres Trust, 2000) ISBN 0-7136-5688-3
*Knight, William G. "A Major London 'Minor': The Surry Theatre 1805-1865". London: STR, 1997.
*Raymond, George. "Memoirs of Robert William Elliston, Comedian". Olivier (1946) [http://books.google.com/books?id=ODaXXIw-nI8C&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=%22surrey+theatre%22+circus+elliston&source=web&ots=b6D4I4Mvli&sig=wN_nuvgvuwggbpY_H3MYcuR1SO8]
*Shepherd, Thomas Hosmer and James Elmes, "Metropolitan Improvements; Or London in the Nineteenth Century" London: Jones & Co. (1827-1831); Reissued, New York: Benjamin Blom (1968), pp. 134 et. seq. ISBN 0405089635
*Walford, Edward. [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=45287 "Blackfriars Road: The Surrey Theatre and Surrey Chapel"] in "Old and New London: Volume 6 (1878)", pp. 368-83. Accessed on 03 March 2007.
* [http://victorian.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/victorianweb/mt/theaters/pva234.html Profile of the theatre]
* [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/victorian_studies/v042/42.3wilmeth.html Article about the theatre, requires registration]
* [http://www.arikah.com/encyclopedia/Surrey_Theatre From the "Oxford Companion to Theatre" 4th edition 1983]

External links

* [http://www-unix.oit.umass.edu/~a0fs000/1800/0802.html Statistical information]
* [http://www.ashrare.com/waterloo_prints.html Antique print image of the theatre]
* [http://www.motco.com/series154/SeriessearchPlatesFull.asp?mode=query&artist=361&other=274 Another image of the theatre]