Timeline of geology

Timeline of geology

Timeline of geology: see also geologic time scale.

* c. 1025 - Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī publishes the "Kitab fi Tahqiq ma li'l-Hind" ("Researches on India"), in which he discusses the geology of India and hypothesizes that it was once a sea. [A. Salam (1984), "Islam and Science". In C. H. Lai (1987), "Ideals and Realities: Selected Essays of Abdus Salam", 2nd ed., World Scientific, Singapore, p. 179-213.]
* 1027 - Avicenna publishes "The Book of Healing", in which he hypothesizes on two causes of mountains, [Stephen Toulmin and June Goodfield (1965). "The Discovery of Time", p. 64. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.] and proposes the law of superposition and the concept of uniformitarianism. [Toulmin, S. and Goodfield, J. (1965), ’The Ancestry of science: The Discovery of Time’, Hutchinson & Co., London, p.64. Also see http://muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=319 ]
* 1556 - Agricola publishes "De re metallica". This book acts as the standard mining and assaying text for the next 250 years.
* 1620 - Francis Bacon notices the jigsaw fit of the opposite shores of the Atlantic Ocean
* 1669 - Nicolas Steno puts forward his theory that sedimentary strata had been deposited in former seas, and that fossils were organic in origin
* 1701 - Edmund Halley suggests using the salinity and evaporation of the Mediterranean to determine the age of the Earth
* 1743 - Dr Christopher Packe produces a geological map of south-east England
* 1746 - Jean-Étienne Guettard presents the first mineralogical map of France to the French Academy of Sciences.
* 1760 - John Michell suggests earthquakes are caused by one layer of rocks rubbing against another
* 1776 - James Keir suggests that some rocks, such as those at the Giant's Causeway, might have been formed by the crystallisation of molten lava
* 1779 - Comte de Buffon speculates that the Earth is older than the 6,000 years suggested by the Bible
* 1785 - James Hutton presents paper entitled Theory of the Earth - earth must be old
* 1799 - William Smith produces the first large scale geological map, of the area around Bath
* 1809 - William Maclure conducts the first geological survey of the eastern United States
* 1830 - Sir Charles Lyell publishes book, Principles of Geology, which describes the world as being several hundred million years old
* 1837 - Louis Agassiz begins his glaciation studies which eventually demonstrate that the Earth has had at least one ice age
* 1862 - Lord Kelvin attempts to find the age of the Earth by examining its cooling time and estimates that the Earth is between 20--400 million years old
* 1903 - George Darwin and John Joly claim that radioactivity is partially responsible for the Earth's heat
* 1907 - Bertram Boltwood proposes that the amount of lead in uranium and thorium ores might be used to determine the Earth's age and crudely dates some rocks to have ages between 410--2200 million years
* 1911 - Arthur Holmes uses radioactivity to date rocks, the oldest being 1.6 billion years old
* 1912 - Alfred Wegener proposes that all the continents once formed a single landmass called Pangaea that broke apart via continental drift
* 1913 - Albert Michelson measures tides in the solid body of the Earth
* 1935 - Charles Richter invents a logarithmic scale to measure the intensity of earthquakes
* 1953 - Maurice Ewing and Bruce Heezen discover the Great Global Rift running along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
* 1960 - Harry Hess proposes that new sea floor might be created at mid-ocean rifts and destroyed at deep sea trenches
* 1963 - F.J. Vine and D.H. Matthews explain the stripes of magnetized rocks with alternating magnetic polarities running parallel to mid- ocean ridges as due to sea floor spreading and the periodic geomagnetic field reversals
* 1980 - Physicist Luis Alvarez, his son, geologist Walter Alvarez, and others propose that the impact of a large extraterrestrial object caused the extinction of the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous Period, about 65 million years ago.

References


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Geology — Oceanic crustContinental Crust] Geology (from Greek: γη, gê , earth ; and λόγος, logos , speech lit. to talk about the earth) is the science and study of the solid and liquid matter that constitute the Earth. The field of geology encompasses the… …   Wikipedia

  • Timeline of chemistry — lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed mankind s understanding of the composition of matter and of the interactions thereof, the modern science known as chemistry. The history of… …   Wikipedia

  • Geology of Scotland — The geology of Scotland is unusually varied for a country of its size, with a large number of differing geological features. [Keay Keay (1994) op cit page 415.] There are three main geographical sub divisions: the Highlands and Islands is a… …   Wikipedia

  • Timeline of Islamic science and engineering — This timeline of Islamic science and engineering covers the general development of science and technology in the Islamic world during the Islamic Golden Age, usually dated from the 7th to 16th centuries.From the 17th century onwards, the advances …   Wikipedia

  • Geology of Jersey — The geology of Jersey is characterised by the Late Proterozoic Brioverian volcanics, the Cadomian Orogeny, and only small signs of later deposits from the Cambrian and Quaternary periods. The kind of rocks go from conglomerate to shale, volcanic …   Wikipedia

  • Geology of Tasmania — Tasmania has a varied geological history, with the world s biggest exposure of diabase, or dolerite. Rocks from the Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic and Mesozoic time periods appear. It is one of the few southern hemisphere areas glaciated during the… …   Wikipedia

  • Timeline of zoology — A preliminary timeline of the history of zoology before the 1859 publication of Darwin s Origin of Species . Ancient world *28000 BC. Cave painting (e.g. Chauvet cave [http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/lascaux/en/] ) in Europe, especially …   Wikipedia

  • Geology of Mars — Mars   Mars as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope Designations …   Wikipedia

  • Timeline of Scottish history — This timeline outlines the main events in Scottish history.1st century 7th century* c.84: Romans defeat Caledonians at the Battle of Mons Graupius. * c.143: Romans construct the Antonine Wall. * c.163: Romans withdraw south to Trimontium and… …   Wikipedia

  • Geology of Mercury — The surface of Mercury is dominated by impact craters, and lava plains similar in some respects to the lunar maria. Other notable features include scarps and mineral deposits (possibly ice) inside craters at the poles. Currently, the surface is… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”