Juglans californica

Juglans californica
Juglans californica
California Black Walnut
Conservation status
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Juglandaceae
Genus: Juglans
Section: Rhysocaryon
Species: J. californica
Binomial name
Juglans californica
S. Wats.

Juglans californica, the California black walnut, also called the California walnut, or the Southern California black walnut, is a large shrub or small tree (up to 30 feet tall) of the Juglandaceae (walnut) family endemic to California.

Contents

Distribution

J. californica is generally found in the southern California Coast Ranges, Transverse Ranges, and Peninsular Ranges, and the Central Valley. It grows as part of mixed woodlands, and also on slopes and in valleys wherever conditions are favorable. It is threatened by development and overgrazing. Some native stands remain in urban Los Angeles in the Santa Monica Mountains and Hollywood Hills. J. californica grows in riparian woodlands, either in single species stands or mixed with California's oaks (Quercus spp.) and cottonwoods (Populus fremontii).

Description

Juglans californica can be either a large shrub with 1-5 trunks, or a small, single-trunked tree. The main trunk can fork close to the ground, making it look like two trees that have grown together, then diverged. It has thick bark, deeply channeled or furrowed at maturity. It has large, pinnately compound leaves with 11-19 lanceolate leaflets with toothed margins and no hair in the vein angles[1]. It has a small hard nut in a shallowly grooved, thick shell that is difficult to remove.

Uses

Food

The Chumash Indians of the Channel Islands of California and Ventura County once ate the nuts; however, they are not grown commercially for this purpose.

Cultivation

J. californica is cultivated as an ornamental tree where it is planted in California native plant, xeriscape, and wildlife habitat gardens and natural landscaping in California, and in Hawaii.

Taxonomy

Some authorities (e.g. the California Native Plant Society) combine this species with J. hindsii. On the other hand, a 2007 molecular analysis of the genus[2] suggests J. californica is sister to the remaining black walnuts (Rhysocaryon). This article follows the conventions of The Jepson Manual. [3][4].

See also

References

  1. ^ Kershner, Mathews, Nelson, and Spellenberg, National Wildlife Federation field Guide to Trees of North America, 2008, Chanticleer Press, Inc. p. 229
  2. ^ Aradhya, M. K, D. Potter, F. Gao, & C. J. Simon: "Molecular phylogeny of Juglans (Juglandaceae): a biogeographic perspective: Tree Genetics & Genomes (2007)3:363-378
  3. ^ http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?76333
  4. ^ http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?Juglans+hindsii&expand=1
  • Hickman, James C., ed. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press. 1993.
  • Anderson, E. N. "Some preliminary observations on the California black walnut (Juglans californica)" in Fremontia: A Journal of the California Native Plant Society. January 2002.

External links


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Juglans californica — ID 43673 Symbol Key JUCA Common Name Southern California walnut Family Juglandaceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Native to U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution CA Growth Habit Tree, Shrub Du …   USDA Plant Characteristics

  • Juglans californica — noun medium sized tree with somewhat aromatic compound leaves and edible nuts • Syn: ↑California black walnut • Hypernyms: ↑walnut, ↑walnut tree • Member Holonyms: ↑Juglans, ↑genus Juglans …   Useful english dictionary

  • Juglans californica S. Watson var. californica — Symbol JUCA Synonym Symbol JUCAC5 Botanical Family Juglandaceae …   Scientific plant list

  • Juglans californica S. Watson — Symbol JUCA Common Name Southern California walnut Botanical Family Juglandaceae …   Scientific plant list

  • Juglans californica S. Watson var. hindsii Jeps. — Symbol JUHI Synonym Symbol JUCAH Botanical Family Juglandaceae …   Scientific plant list

  • Juglans hindsii — Systematik Rosiden Eurosiden I Ord …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Juglans hindsii — ? Juglans hindsii …   Википедия

  • Juglans hindsii — Hinds black walnut Conservation status Vulnerable (IUCN 2.3) Scientific classification Kingd …   Wikipedia

  • Juglans — Walnüsse Echte Walnuss (Juglans regia) Systematik Abteilung: Bedecktsamer (Magnoliophyta) …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Juglans — Noyer  Pour le verbe « se noyer », voir Noyade …   Wikipédia en Français

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