Bangsa Malaysia

The "Bangsa Malaysia" (English: Malaysian nation) policy was introduced by Mahathir Mohamad, then Prime Minister of Malaysia, to create an inclusive national identity for all inhabitants of Malaysia, thus abandoning the National Culture Policy that asserted a Malay ethnic national identity. Mahathir Mohamad said it means "people being able to identify themselves with the country, speak "Bahasa Malaysia" (the Malay language) and accept the Constitution." [ [http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/95/1006/nat4.html One nation, one people] . (Jun. 10, 1995). "Asiaweek".]

The policy's support in the government appears to be variable, however. Abdul Ghani Othman, the Menteri Besar of Johor, alleged that "Bangsa Malaysia" was a "nebulous concept" which overstepped the bounds of the Constitution. "Even if the term "Bangsa Malaysia" is to be used, it must only be applied in the context of all the peoples of Malaysia with the Malays as the pivotal race," he said. [Nambiar, Ravi & Nadzmi, Siti Nurbaiyah (Nov. 6, 2006). [http://malaysia-today.net/blog2006/newsncom.php?itemid=539 "Ghani: Bangsa Malaysia is rojak and unacceptable"] , p. 10. "New Straits Times".] However, Lim Keng Yaik, a Minister in the federal government, insisted that "Bangsa Malaysia" was an official government policy. ["'Johor Umno going against government'", p. 10. (Nov. 6, 2006). "New Straits Times".] Other Ministers also criticised Ghani's statement; one said that the policy "has nothing to do with one race given a pivotal role over others", while another said that "It does not impinge on the rights of Bumiputeras or other communities.""'Rejection of concept affects integration efforts'", p. 7. (Nov. 7, 2006). "New Straits Times".] Deputy Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak argued that attempting to define the policy from a political viewpoint was pointless, as it had no official standing in the Constitution, and called for the debate to cease. He also said that "Bangsa Malaysia means we do not evaluate someone by his skin colour, race or religion," and contradicted Ghani, saying: "It does not question the special rights of the Malays, our quota or anything of that sort." [Tan, Marsha, Teh, Eng Hock, Vijayan, Meera & Zolkepli, Farik (Nov. 7, 2006). [http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/11/7/nation/15939803&sec=nation&focus=1 Bangsa Malaysia in mind] . "The Star".] Ghani insisted, however, that those advocating "Bangsa Malaysia" were echoing Lee Kuan Yew's call for a "Malaysian Malaysia" made during the early 1960s when Singapore was a state in Malaysia, even though the campaign had been repudiated by the government. [Nambiar, Ravi & Nadzmi, Siti Nurbaiyah (Nov. 7, 2006). "No Bangsa Malaysia in Constitution, says Najib", p. 6. "New Straits Times".]

One academic suggested that the conflict stemmed from the different meanings of the word "bangsa", which can mean either race or nation. Although the concept of a Malaysian race could be confusing, he suggested, taking "Bangsa Malaysia" to imply a Malaysian nation would be more sensible.

After the UMNO Annual General Assembly that year, Ghani elaborated that his opposition to "Bangsa Malaysia" and "Malaysian Malaysia" was because:

Ghani defined his "idea kenegaraan" as "the idea that has united the Malays, and also the same idea that has given privileges to other races to be citizens, live together and share power and prosperity." [Tan, Marsha (Dec. 3, 2006). [http://thestaronline.com/news/story.asp?file=/2006/12/3/nation/16212464&sec=nation Ghani on why people cannot accept concept] . "The Star".]

Notes and references

ee also

*Ketuanan Melayu
*Malaysian Malaysia