Nahum Eitingon

Nahum Eitingon

Nahum Isaakovich Eitingon, or Naum Isaakovič Ejtingon (Russian: Наум Исаакович Эйтингон, Hebrew: נחום אייטינגון‎), also known as Leonid Aleksandrovich Eitingon (Russian: Леонид Александрович Эйтингон)^[1] (6 December 1899, Shkloŭ - 3 May 1981), was a Soviet intelligence officer, who was sometimes described as a major organizer of Stalin's state terrorism system.^[1]

Career

Eitingon, a Russian Jew, joined the Cheka in 1920, shortly before his 21st birthday. Along with other Chekists, he took part in numerous operations during the Russian civil war, including the "liquidation" of a number of the more prosperous citizens of the Belorussian town of Gomel. At the end of the 1920s, Eitingon, a polyglot, organized and led an operation producing fake documents which persuaded the Japanese that 20 Russian agents who were working for them had secretly applied to have their Soviet citizenship restored. This ruse resulted in the Japanese executing their anti-Soviet allies.^[2]

He was active in Spain in the late 1930s, during the Spanish civil war and in Belorussia during the Second World War. As a high-ranking NKVD officer, Eitingon was responsible for numerous kidnappings and assassinations, even in peacetime.^[2]

During the 1930s, Eitingon, established an illegal espionage network in the United States among Jewish people who had left Russia shortly before the Russian Revolution broke out. This penetration of Soviet intelligence into the United States helped the Soviets to gain, later on, a foothold in the scientific community. During the early 1940s, Eitingon had as many as 40 Soviet agents among the scientists and personnel who were working on the Manhattan Project at or near Los Alamos, New Mexico, and Berkeley, CA.^[2]

The Assassination of Trotsky

Leon Trotsky, the Soviet revolutionary, had been banished from the USSR by Stalin and had found refuge in Mexico. Stalin assigned the organisation and execution of a plan to assassinate Trotsky to Eitingon. Eitingon, while in Spain during the Spanish Civil War, was able to recruit the services of a young Spaniard communist ideologue, Ramón Mercader, to act as executioner. Trotsky was living in Mexico at the time and, soon after Mercader worked his way into Trotsky's group of friends, Eitingon, too, arrived in Mexico.

On August 20, 1940, Mercader attacked and fatally wounded Trotsky with an ice axe while the exiled Russian was in the study of his house in Coyoacán (then a village on the southern fringes of Mexico City). Eitingon and another collaborator in the assassination plot were waiting outside Trotsky's residence, in separate cars, to provide a getaway for Mercader. When Mercader failed to return(having been detained by Trotsky's bodyguards), they both left and fled the country.

Doctors' Plot

In October 1951, Major-General of State Security Eitingon, along with 3 other high-ranking members of the government (all Russian Jewish), were accused of "a Zionist plot to seize power." Eitingon's sister Sofia was also arrested. As a doctor, she was considered to be the "link" to the plotting doctors who were allegedly planning to poison high-ranking Soviet leaders. The officers were all imprisoned in cold, dark cells and tortured. The tortures led many of them to falsely confess but Eitingon was steadfast in his denial. Sofia was sentenced to 10 years in prison.

After Stalin's death in March 1953, the head of Soviet intelligence and security services Lavrentiy Beria issued an order to close the cases against the "Zionist plotters" and all were released, including Sofia.

Nahum Eitingon persistently sought his official rehabilitation, but this was granted only posthumously.^[3]

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} Наум Исаакович Эйтингон, генерал-майор НКВД, Ekho Moskvy (Moscow Echo) 06.09.2009: Interview of Nikita Petrov by Yevgeny Kiselyov (in Russian) - "As his immediate superior for many years, General Pavel Sudoplatov, recalled that, in the Lubyanka, Eitingon was known among his friends as Leonid Aleksandrovich; already in the 1920s, almost all Jewish Chekists took Russian names so as not to emphasize their national origin."
2. ^ ^{a b c} A Twentieth-Century Story by Mary-Kay Wilmers, The Guardian, UK, 6 December 2009
3. ^ Richard Lourie, New York Times Book Review, July 25, 2010, p. 22.

References

• Katamidze, Vyacheslav 'Slava': Loyal Comrades, Ruthless Killers: The Secret Services of the USSR 1917-1991, Lewis International, Inc.; 2003; ISBN 9781930983236; pp. 74–85, 91, 99, 103, 115, 126-129, 133, 136, 145-146, 155-156

Further reading

• Wilmers, Mary-Kay: The Eitingons, London, UK, Faber; 2009; ISBN 9780571234721

Persondata
Name	Eitingon, Nahum
Alternative names	Ejtingon, Naum Isaakovič
Short description	Soviet intelligence officer
Date of birth	6 December 1899
Place of birth	Shkloŭ
Date of death	3 May 1981
Place of death