Kōtoku-in

Amida Buddha, Kōtoku-in

Kōtoku-in (高徳院^?) is a Buddhist temple of the Jōdo-shū sect in the city of Kamakura in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

The temple is renowned for its "Great Buddha" (大仏, Daibutsu^?), a monumental outdoor bronze statue of Amida Buddha which is one of the most famous icons of Japan.

The Great Buddha

The Great Buddha of Kamakura is a monumental outdoor bronze statue of Amitābha Buddha located at the Kōtoku-in Temple in Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The bronze statue probably dates from 1252, in the Kamakura period, according to temple records. It was preceded by a giant wooden Buddha, which was completed in 1243 after ten years of continuous labor, the funds having been raised by Lady Inadano-Tsubone and the Buddhist priest Jōkō of Tōtōmi. That wooden statue was damaged by a storm in 1248, and the hall containing it was destroyed, so Jōkō suggested making another statue of bronze, and the huge amount of money necessary for this and for a new hall was raised for the project.^[1] The bronze image was probably cast by Ōno Gorōemon^[2] or Tanji Hisatomo,^[3], both leading casters of the time.^[4] At one time, the statue was gilded. There are still traces of gold leaf near the statue's ears.^[5] It is unclear, however, whether the statue constructed in 1252 is the same statue as the present statue.

The Great Buddha, Kamakura

The hall was destroyed by a storm in 1334, was rebuilt, and was damaged by yet another storm in 1369, and was rebuilt yet again.^[1] The last building housing the statue was washed away in the tsunami of September 20th, 1498 during the Muromachi period.^[6] Since then, the Great Buddha has stood in the open air.^[6]

The statue is approximately 13.35 meters tall including the base^[7] and weighs approximately 93 tonnes. The statue is hollow, and visitors can view the interior. Many visitors over the years have left graffiti on the inside of the statue.^[8] At one time, there were thirty-two bronze lotus petals at the base of the statue, but only four remain, and they are no longer in place.^[9] A notice at the entrance to the grounds reads, "Stranger, whosoever thou art and whatsoever be thy creed, when thou enterest this sanctuary remember thou treadest upon ground hallowed by the worship of ages. This is the Temple of Bhudda (sic) and the gate of the eternal, and should therefore be entered with reverence."^[10]

The Great Buddha, Kamakura

The Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 destroyed the base the statue sits upon, but the base was repaired in 1925.^[1] Repairs to the statue were carried out in 1960-1961, when the neck was strengthened and measures were taken to protect it from earthquakes.^[1]

Closeup with a pigeon for illustration of the actual size, Kamakura

Rear side with open windows

Buddha's Slippers

Details

• Weight; 93 tonnes (210,000 pounds)
• Height; 13.35 m (43.8 ft)
• Length of Face; 2.35 m (7.7 ft)
• Length of Eye; 1.0 m (3.3 ft)
• Length of Mouth; 0.82 m (2.7 ft)
• Length of Ear; 1.90 m (6.2 ft)
• Length from knee to knee; 9.10 m (29.9 ft)
• Circumference of thumb; 0.85 m (2.8 ft)

Poem by Rudyard Kipling

The statue is referred to as "The Buddha at Kamakura" in several verses that preface the initial chapters of the novel Kim by Rudyard Kipling (1901). The verses were taken from the poem of the same name the writer wrote after visiting Kamakura in 1892.^[11] The poem appears in its entirety in "The Five Nations" of 1903.^[11]

See also

• Glossary of Japanese Buddhism - for an explanation of terms concerning Japanese Buddhism, Japanese Buddhist art, and Japanese Buddhist temple architecture.
• List of National Treasures of Japan (sculptures)
• Tian Tan Buddha - located in Hong Kong, world's tallest seated Buddha statue.
• Tōdai-ji - temple in Nara, home to largest bronze Buddha statue in Japan.
• Ushiku Daibutsu - the world's tallest statue of Buddha in Ushiku, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Takao Sato, ed. Daibutsu: The Great Buddha of Kamakura. Hobundo. p. 7. 
2. ^ Frédéric, Louis. Japan Encyclopedia Harvard University Press (2005). p.755
3. ^ Kate Tsubata (May 25, 2008). "The Great Buddha at Kamakura". The Washington Times. http://www.washingtontimes.com/weblogs/donne-travels-washington-times/2008/may/25/the-great-buddha-at-kamakura/.  Retrieved 2011-09-20.
4. ^ The New Official Guide, Japan Japan Travel Bureau (1975) p.404
5. ^ "Kotoku-in (The Great Buddha)". Kamakura Today. 2002. http://www.kamakuratoday.com/e/sightseeing/daibutsu.html.  Accessed 2011-09-20.
6. ^ ^{a b} Tsuji, Yoshinobu (1983). "Study on the Earthquake and the Tsunami of September 20, 1498". In Iida, Kumiji; Iwasaki, Toshio. Tsunamis: Their Science and Engineering, Proceedings of the International Tsunami Symposium, 1981. Tokyo: Terra Scientific Publishing (Terrapub). pp. 185–204. ISBN 90-277-1611-0 
7. ^ "An Overview of the Great Buddha" Kotoku-in Official Website. Accessed 2011-09-20.
8. ^ Takao Sato, ed. Daibutsu: The Great Buddha of Kamakura. Hobundo. p. 14. 
9. ^ Takao Sato, ed. Daibutsu: The Great Buddha of Kamakura. Hobundo. p. 16. 
10. ^ Takao Sato, ed. Daibutsu: The Great Buddha of Kamakura. Hobundo. p. 18. 
11. ^ ^{a b} Rudyard Kipling, "The Buddha at Kamakura". Retrieved 2011-09-20.

External links

• Media related to Kamakura Daibutsu at Wikimedia Commons
• Works related to Buddha at Kamakura at Wikisource
• Kotoku-in Homepage (in English)
• Kamakura Today website "Kotoku-in (The Great Buddha)" page

Coordinates: 35°19′0.59″N 139°32′8.48″E / 35.3168306°N 139.5356889°E / 35.3168306; 139.5356889