Luoyang dialect

The Luoyang Dialect is a dialect of Zhongyuan Mandarin spoken in Luoyang and nearby parts of Henan province. Although it served as the prestige dialect of Chinese from the Warring States Period into the Ming Dynasty, it differs greatly from modern Standard Mandarin, which is based instead on the Beijing dialect.

Phonology

Initials

Finals

Features

*The Middle Chinese entering tone has a different distribution in the Luoyang Dialect than in Standard Mandarin. (See entering tone for more.)
*Tone contours are different from those in Standard Mandarin.
*The retroflex and alveolar fricatives are found in different distributions: retroflex fricatives are often fronted to alveolar fricatives.
*The distinction between IPA|/w/ and IPA|/v/, lost in Standard Mandarin, is maintained.
*The retroflex series is less retroflexed than in Standard Mandarin and slightly more forward.
*The alveolo-palatal series is slightly more backward than in Standard Mandarin.
*Final IPA|/œ/ and IPA|/ɑu/ in Standard Mandarin are often reared to IPA|/ɔ/. For example, 学 (Standard Mandarin IPA|/ɕɥœ/, "to learn") is IPA|/ɕɥɔ/, and 角 (Standard Mandarin IPA|/tɕjɑu/, "horn") is IPA|/tɕɥɔ/.
*Final IPA|/əi/ in Standard Mandarin is pronounced as IPA| [ɯ] or IPA| [i] in certain environments.
*Standard Mandarin final IPA|/n/ nasalizes the preceding vowel in the Luoyang Dialect.
*The -儿 suffix represents IPA|/ɯ/.