Ragusa, Italy

Infobox CityIT
img_coa = Ragusa-Stemma.pngofficial_name = Ragusa
region = Sicily
province = Ragusa (RG)
elevation_m = 520
area_total_km2 = 442.37
population_as_of = December 31 2004
population_total = 71765
population_density_km2 = 155
timezone = CET, UTC+1
coordinates = coord|36|56|N|14|45|E
frazioni = See list
telephone = 0932
name=Ragusa
mapx=36.96363
mapy=14.75
postalcode = 97100
gentilic = Ragusani
saint = St. John the Baptist (Ragusa) St. George (Ragusa Ibla)
day = June 24
mayor = Di Pasquale
website = [http://www.comune.ragusa.it www.comune.ragusa.it]

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image_caption=Panorama of Ragusa Ragusa ("Raùsa "in Sicilian) is a city in southern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Ragusa, on the island of Sicily, with around 70,000 inhabitants. It is built on a wide limestone hill between two deep valleys, Cava San Leonardo and Cava Santa Domenica.

The economy of the surrounding province hinges mainly on agriculture (horticulture, olives), farming, tourism, light manufacturing and small oilfields. Together with other seven cities in the Val di Noto, it is listed among the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

History

The origins of Ragusa can be traced back to the 2nd millennium BC, when in its area there were several settlements of the ancient Sicels. The current Ragusa Ibla lies probably on one of them, identified as "Hybla Heraia".

The ancient city, located on a 300 m high hill, entered in contact with the nearby Greek colonies, and developed thanks to the nearby port of Camerina. After a short Carthaginian rule, it was administrated by the Romans and the Byzantines: the latter fortified the city and built a large castle. Ragusa was occupied by the Arabs in 848 AD, remaining under their rule until the 11th century, when the Normans conquered it. Selected as County seat, its first Count was Geoffrey, son of Count Roger I of Sicily.

Ragusa thereafter followed the events of the Kingdom of Sicily, created in the first half of the twelfth century. A Chiaramonte family fief, it remained the county capital after the unification with that of Modica in 1296, a status it lost in the fifteenth century after a popular revolt.

In 1693 the city was devastated by a huge earthquake, which killed some 5,000 inhabitants. Following this catastrophe the city was largely rebuilt, many baroque buildings date from this period. Most of the population moved to a new settlement in the former district of Patro, calling the new municipality "Ragusa Superiore" (High Ragusa") and the ancient city "Ragusa Inferiore" (Low Ragusa). The two cities remained separated until 1926, when, owing to a fascist gerarca they were fused in one to become provincial capital 1927 instead of Modica, capital of the same district and most popolous and important city since 1296.

In 1838, an asphalt deposit, still exploited today, was discovered.

Main sights

The city has two distinct areas, the lower and older town of Ragusa Ibla, and the higher Ragusa Superiore (Upper Town). The two halves are separated by the Valle dei Ponti, a deep ravine crossed by four bridges. The most noteworthy of them is the eighteenth-century "Ponte dei Cappuccini".

Upper Town

The Cathedral of "San Giovanni Battista" is the main monument of Ragusa Superiore. The church was located originally in the west part of the ancient Ragusa, under the walls of the Mediaeval castle, where the small church of St. Agnese is today. A first, smaller edifice was quickly built after the 1693 earthquake, but it soon proved inadequate. The current edifice was built between 1718 and 1778, with a façade in typical southern Sicilian Baroque style, with three portals and carvings and sculptures representing the Madonna, St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist. The upper order of columns has two watches showing time in Italian and French fashions respectively. The high campanile, on the left side, is also in Baroque style (another one on the right side only the corner stone was laid off in 1820).

The ornate baroque interior has a Latin cross plan, with a nave and two aisles separated by three colonnades embellished with gold. Over every column are charts showing Bible verses referring to St. John the Baptist. The vaults of the naves and the presbytery were decorated with Rococo gilted stuccoes by Giuseppe and Gioacchino Gianforma, also authors of the two statues in the niches of the transept. The dome was built in 1783, and covered with copper sheets in the 20th century. The side chapels, characterized by altars decorated with polychrome marbles, are from the 19th century.

Noteworthy is the Hyblean Archaeological Museum, with six sections devoted to Prehistoric to Late Roman findings.

Ragusa Ibla

Ragusa Ibla hosts a wide array of Baroque architecture, including several stunning palaces and churches.

The "Cathedral of San Giorgio" was built starting in 1738 by architect Rosario Gagliardi, in substitution of the temple destroyed by the 1693 earthquake, and of which only a Catalan-Gothyic style portal can still be seen. The façade is characterized by a flight of 250 steps and by massive ornate columns, as well as by statues of saints and decorated portals. The interior has a Latin cross plan, with a nave and two aisles ending in half-circular apses. It is topped by a large Neoclassical dome built in 1820.

On a narrow winding street that connects Ragusa Ibla (the new name of R. Inferiore, taken by a legendary Greek town maybe risen here) with Ragusa Superiore is the church of "Santa Maria delle Scale" ("Saint Mary of the Steps", built between the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries). This church is particularly interesting: badly damaged in the earthquate of 1693, half of this church was rebuilt in Baroque style, while the surviving half was kept in the original Gothic (including the three Catalan-style portals in the right aisle). The last chapel of the latter has a Renaissance portal. The chapels have canvases from some Sicilian painters of the 18th century.

The Church of the Souls of the Purgatory has a Baroque portal. The church of "Santa Maria dell'Itria", built by the Knights of Malta in the seventeenth century, has a campanile with ceramics from Caltagirone and a canvas attributed to Mattia Preti.

The church of "San Giorgio", designed by Rosario Gagliardi and uilt in 1739–1775, has a façade with tiers of juxtaposed columns. The Treasury contains silver items of value. Similar though smaller is the nearby church of St. Joseph, with an elliptic interior housing a seventeenth-century statue of the dedicatee.

The church of "Sant'Antonino" is an example of Norman architecture, characterized by a Gothic portal, while the "Church of Immacolata" boasts a fine fourteenth-century portal.

"San Giorgio Vecchio" has a re-entrant façade with a notable Gothic-Catalan portal, with a high relief on the lunetta portraying "St. George Killing the Dragon", and Aragonese eagles.

The Hyblean Garden offers a panorama on the three churches of the "Cappuccini Vecchi", St. James (fourteenth century) and "San Domenico".

The "Zacco Palace" is a Baroque building, its Corinthian columns support balconies of wrought iron work, caryatids and grotesques.

"Frazioni"

Ariazza, Bellocozzo San Giacomo, Bocampello, Calafato, Carnesala Gargallo, Castellana, Castiglione, Cava Giumente, Cilone, Conservatore, Costa, Cutalia, Donnafugata, Fargione, Gaddimeli II, Galerme, Gallina, Gelso, Genisi, Gisolfo, Granatello, Imperatore, Magnì, Maltempo, Marchesa Monte Margi, Marina di Ragusa, Menta, Mistretta, Monsovile, Montesano, Nunziata, Palazzello, Palazzola, Pendente, Piombo, Pizzillo, Ponte di Modica, Pozzi, Punta Braccetto, Puntarazzi, Salinella, Salomone, Santa Barbara, Sant'Antonino, Serra Garofalo, Soprano, Torre del Mastro, Trebastoni, Tresauro.

External links

*it icon [http://www.comune.ragusa.it Official city website]

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