Tony Rezko

Antoin "Tony" Rezko (born 1955 in Aleppo, Syria) is an American political fundraiser, restauranteur, and real estate developer in Chicago, Illinois convicted on several counts of fraud and bribery in 2008. Rezko has been involved in fundraising for local Illinois Democratic and Republican politicians since the 1980s. After becoming a major contributor to Rod Blagojevich's successful gubernatorial election, Rezko assisted Blagojevich in setting up the state's first Democratic administration in 20 years. Rezko was able to have business associates appointed onto several state boards. Rezko and several others were indicted on federal charges in October 2006, for using their connections to the state boards to demand kickbacks from businesses that wanted to do business with the state. While the others pleaded guilty to the charges, Rezko pleaded not guilty and was found guilty of 16 of the 24 charges filed against him.

Early life and education

Rezko was born in 1955 in Aleppo, Syria to a prominent Catholic family.cite web|url=http://chicagomag.com/core/pagetools.php?pageid=7030&url=%2FChicago-Magazine%2FNovember-2007%2FMr-Inside-Out%2F&mode=print | title=Mr. Inside Out | publisher=Chicago Magazone | author=Merriner, James L. | accessdate=2008-05-10] After graduating from high school there, Rezko moved to Chicago and earned an undergraduate and a master's degree in civil engineering from the Illinois Institute of Technology in the late 1970s. He joined an engineering company, designing nuclear power plants, then left to design roads for the state Transportation Department, making $21,590 in his first year there.citation| last=Jackson | first=David | last2=Chase | first2=John | url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-0610120112oct12,0,3093652.story |title=Rezko's life a story of pizza and politics | newspaper=Chicago Tribune | date=2006-10-12 | accessdate=2007-02-06] cite web|url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/355099,cst-nws-rez24a.article |title=Broken promises, broken homes | work=Chicago Sun-Times | author=Novak, Tim | date=2007-04-24 | accessdate=2008-05-10]

Business history

Soon after beginning his career as a civil engineer, Rezko started investing in real estate and fast-food restaurants—including the first Subway in Chicago. Many of these properties were in lower-income African American neighborhoods. Then, meeting Jabir Herbert Muhammad, former manager of heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali and son of the late Nation of Islam leader, Elijah Muhammad, he was asked in 1983 to support the successful mayoral candidacy of Harold Washington. J. H. Muhammad's company, Crucial Concessions, which Rezko went to work for in 1984, won a food contract at the Lake Michigan beaches and in many South Side parks after Washington became the first black mayor of Chicago. Rezko put together endorsement deals for Ali, became the executive director of the Muhammad Ali Foundation, and traveled the world with Ali for five years. In 1997, Crucial opened two Panda Express Restaurants at O'Hare, under the city's minority set-aside program. It lost those franchises in 2005, on the grounds that J. H. Muhammad was merely a front for Rezko, who had been appointed trustee of J.H. Muhammad's affairs in the early 1990s because of the latter's failing health. In March 2008 Muhammad sued Rezko, alleging that he had been swindled out of his home and business interests.cite web|url= http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2008/02/01/rezko/print.html |title=How close were Barack Obama and Tony Rezko? | publisher=Salon | author=McClelland, Edward | date=2008-02-01 | accessdate=2008-05-10] [cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/14/us/politics/14rezko.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&pagewanted=print |title=An Obama Patron and Friend Until an Indictment | work=The New York Times | date=2007-06-14 | accessdate=2008-05-10]

In January 1989, Rezko and Daniel Mahru, CEO of a firm which leased ice makers to bars, hotels and restaurants and a former attorney, founded a real-estate development and restaurant holding corporation called Rezmar Corporation. Between 1989 and 1998, Rezmar made deals to rehab 30 buildings, a total of 1,025 apartments, expending more than $100 million from the city, state and federal governments and in bank loans. Rezko and Mahru weren't responsible for any government or bank loans or the $50 million in federal tax credits they got to rehab the buildings. Rezmar put just $100 into each project and got a 1% stake as the general partner in charge of hiring the architect, contractor, and the company that would manage the buildings, screen tenants and make repairs, Chicago Property Management, also owned by Rezko and Mahru. It also got upfront development fees of at least $6.9 million in all. Under its deals with the Chicago Equity Fund, Rezmar promised to cover all operating losses in any building for seven years, but had no obligation after that, although the tax credits they sold could be recovered by the Federal government from the holders if the projects did not survive for fifteen years or more. By 1998 the company had a net worth of US$34 million, [cite news | url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/355100,CST-NWS-rezcast24.article | title=A Rezmar who's-who list | work=Chicago Sun-Times | date=2007-04-24 | accessdate=2008-03-09] cite news | author=Novak, Tim | title=Obama and his Rezko ties | work=Chicago Sun-Times | date=2007-04-23 | url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/353829,CST-NWS-rez23.article | accessdate=2008-03-05] and it then turned to purchasing old factories and parcels of land in gentrifying areas of Chicago and turning them into upscale condominium complexes. [cite web | url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=87830023 | title=Q&A: The Tony Rezko Case | author=David Schaper | date=2008-03-06 | accessdate=2008-03-09]

Rezko was named "Entrepreneur of the Decade" by the Arab-American Business and Professional Association.cite web | url=http://www.themediaoasis.com/profiles/Rezko06-08-05.htm | title= Arabs in Chicago discover political clout and controversy | author=Ray Hanania | publisher=Arab American Media Services | date=2005-06-08 | accessdate=2008-01-31]

Rezko's investment in restaurant food chains had started with a chain of Panda Express Chinese restaurants. In 1998, Rezko opened his first chain of Papa John's Pizza restaurants in Chicago and by 2002, he had twenty-six stores in Chicago, at least fifteen in Wisconsin, and seven in Detroit, part of the financing for these stores was through GE Capital. By 2001, Rezko began to fall behind on his franchise payments and loans and he transferred the franchises to several business associates. In 2006, during a lawsuit with Papa John's over his franchise fees, Rezko renamed his Papa John's restaurants to Papa Tony's. Rezko also had a lien filed against his home after losing a civil lawsuit to GE Capital.

As his business ventures began failing, Rezko entered into several partnership with Iraqi-born business executive Nadhmi Auchi, including a massive 2005 real estate development project on Chicago's South Loop whose value was pegged by an observer familiar with the deal at $130.5 million. [http://www.chicagobusiness.com/cgi-bin/news.pl?id=17946 Rezko sells Loop project for $131M] ] It was failure to disclose a $3.5m loan from Auchi that would lead to his imprisonment in 2008.

Legal troubles

In October 2006, Rezko was indicted along with businessman Stuart Levine on charges of wire fraud, bribery, money laundering, and attempted extortion as a result of a federal investigation known as "Operation Board Games". [cite web|url=http://www.chicagobusiness.com/downloads/rezkoindict.pdf|title=Indictment - U.S. vs. Levine and Rezko|format=PDF publisher=Chicago Business | accessdate=2008-05-10] [cite news | url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,335592,00.html | title=Courtroom Wire: Notes From Tony Rezko's Corruption Trial | publisher=FOXNews | author=Marla Cichowski | date=2008-04-04 | accessdate=2008-04-06] Levine was once a top Republican fundraiser who had switched loyalty in recent years. [cite web|url=http://www.chicagobusiness.com/cgi-bin/news.pl?id=22634&seenIt=1|title=Chicago Business News--Stuart Levine Pleads Guilty] Rezko and Levine were charged with attempting to extort millions of dollars from businesses seeking to do business with the Illinois Teachers Retirement System Board and the Illinois Health Facilities Planning Board from 2002 to 2004. Levine pleaded guilty and agreed to testify against Rezko and others. While the charges carry a maximum sentence of life in prison, Levine expects to receive about a 5-1/2 year sentence in return for his testimony. [cite news | url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-rezko-19mar19,0,5503877.story | title=Levine weaves tawdry tale | work=Chicago Tribune | author=Secter, Bob | coauthors=Coen, Jeff | date=2008-03-19 | accessdate=2008-05-10] The case was prosecuted by Patrick Fitzgerald.

Rezko pleaded not guilty, and the trial related to his charges from Operation Board Games began on March 6, 2008. [cite news | url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chi-0307edit1mar07,1,5412814.story | title=One Tony, three trials | work=Chicago Tribune | date=2008-03-07 | accessdate=2008-05-10] He was jailed shortly before the trial began when he received a $3.5 million wire transfer from Lebanon. Rezko had told the court that he had no access to money from overseas. Ten weeks into the trial, on April 18, Judge Amy St. Eve released Rezko, after friends and relatives put up 30 properties valued at about $8.5 million to secure his bond. Prosecutors opposed the motion for release, saying that Rezko was a flight risk. [cite news | url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-rezko-fridayapr20,1,7431091.story | title=Rezko free on bail | work= Chicago Tribune |date=Coen, Jeff | date=2008-04-20 | accessdate=2008-05-10] On May 6, both the prosecution and the defense rested their cases. Government prosecutors spent 8 weeks presenting their case. Rezko’s lawyer, Joseph J. Duffy, chose not to present any witnesses, saying that he did not believe that the prosecution had proven the charges. [cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/06/us/06brfs-002.html?ref=us | title=Illinois: No Defense Witnesses for Rezko | work=The New York Times | | author=Einhorn Catrin | date=2008-05-06 | accessdate=2008-05-10] Prosecutors contended that they had shown Rezko's "corrupt use of his power and influence" to gain benefits for himself and his friends. Duffy argued that the prosecution had exaggerated Rezko's influence in state government, and attacked Levine's credibility as a witness. [ [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-rezko_for_tuesdaymay13,0,553455.story Corrupt mastermind or victim of frame-up?] Chicago Tribune, May 13, 2008]

The case went to the jury on May 13 and after three weeks of deliberation, the jury found Rezko guilty of six counts of wire fraud, six counts of mail fraud, two counts of corrupt solicitation, and two counts of money laundering, but found him not guilty on three counts of wire and mail fraud, one count of attempted extortion, and four counts of corrupt solicitation. [cite news | url=http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=news/politics&id=6185320 | title=Rezko found guilty on 16 counts | publisher=ABCNews | date=2008-06-04 | accessdate=2008-06-04] According to CBS News the "high-profile federal trial provided an unusually detailed glimpse of the pay-to-play politics that has made Illinois infamous." [cite news | url=http://cbs2chicago.com/local/rezko.trial.verdict.2.740375.html | title=Jury Finds Tony Rezko Guilty On 16 Of 24 Charges | publisher=CBS 2 | author=Parker, Mike | date=2008-06-04 | accessdate=2008-06-04]

While the jury was deliberating on the Board Games trial, an arrest warrant was issued in Las Vegas for passing bad checks in two casinos and failing to pay $450,000 in gambling debts that were accrued between March and July of 2006.cite news | url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/rezko/977195,rezkogamble052908.article | title=Las Vegas judge issues arrest warrant for Tony Rezko over alleged gambling debts | work=Chicago Sun-Times | author=Korecki, Natasha | date=2008-05-29 | accessdate=2008-06-11] Another casino had also filed a civil complaint for a total of $331,000 in 2006 and was given a judgment of default in 2007.

Rezko is also under indictment, along with a business associate, for wire fraud related to the alleged sale of his pizza business to a straw buyer at an inflated price in order to obtain millions of dollars in loans from GE Capital. [cite news | author=Robinson, Mike | title=Blagojevich Adviser Indicted on Charges | work=The Washington Post | date=2006-10-11 | accessdate=2007-03-17 | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/11/AR2006101100918.html] Rezko has plead not guilty to these charges and the trial is scheduled to begin in 2009. [cite news | url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-rezkojun08,0,3297509.story | title=Rezko faces next trial: Date set in pizza case | work=Chicago Tribune | date=2008-06-08 | accessdate=2008-06-11]

Ties to politicians

Ties to Rod Blagojevich

Rezko's relationship with Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich and his family were at the root of the federal corruption case which led to Rezko's conviction. Rezko donated $117,652 to Blagojevich's campaigns, and is credited by the prosecutor in his trial with having delivered bundled contributions totalling almost $1.44 million. [cite web |url=http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/iln/hot/us_v_rezko_exhibits/2008_03_07/fob_chart_2.pdf |title=FOB Chart 2 | publisher=United States Department of Justice | date=2008-03-07 | accessdate=2008-05-10| format=PDF] Since 1997, Blagojevich's wife, Patricia, has made at least $38,000 acting as Rezko's real-estate agent on several of his company's property acquisitions. When Blagojevich won the Illinois gubernatorial election in 2002, Rezko assisted Blagojevich in setting up the state's first Democratic administration in twenty years. Rezko recommended many of his business associates and their relatives for positions within state government, three of whom were appointed to the state board that oversees hospital projects. the state's development board was run by another former Rezko business associate. Rezko and Republican fundraiser Stuart Levine were charged in a 24-count federal indictment for allegedly using Rezko's influence with public officials to demand millions of dollars in kickbacks from companies that wanted to do business with the state. Levine pled guilty and served as the chief witness against Rezko at trial. Levine and several other witnesses implicated Blagojevich in the schemes, although the governor has not been charged with any crimes. [cite news | url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-rezko-20mar20,0,1964917.story | title=Name on Levine's lips at trial: Blagojevich | work= Chicago Tribune | author=Coen, Jeff | coauthors=Secter, Bob | date=2008-03-20 | accessdate=2008-05-10] [cite news | url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-rezko-02-both-may02,0,4933871.story | title= Ali Ata testifies he paid Rezko, donated to Blagojevich | work= Chicago Tribune | author=Secter, Bob | coauthors=Coen, Jeff |date=2008-05-01 | accessdate=2008-05-10]

Ties to Barack Obama

In 1990, after Barack Obama was elected president of the "Harvard Law Review", Rezmar Corp. offered him a job, which Obama turned down. Obama did end up taking a job with law firm Davis, Miner, Barnhill & Galland, [now Miner, Barnhill & Galland. cite news | url=http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-na-obamalegal6apr06,0,26672.story | title=Obama's lawyer days: brief and not all civil rights | work=Los Angeles Times | author=Morain, Dan | date=2008-04-06 | accessdate=2008-05-10] which primarily worked civil rights cases, but also represented Rezmar and helped the company get more than $43 million in government funding and whose former senior partner, Allison S. Davis, later went into business with Rezko and, in 2003, was appointed to Illinois State Board of Investment by Governor Blagojevich at Rezko's request. [cite news |url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/politics/644511,CST-NWS-davis11.article |title=How reform-minded City Hall critic became a cozy insider | work=Chicago Sun-Times | author=Novak, Tim | date=2007-11-11 | accessdate=2008-05-10] On July 31, 1995 the first ever political contributions to Obama were $300 from a lawyer, a $5,000 loan from a car dealer, and $2,000 from two food companies owned by Rezko. [cite news |url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/353829,CST-NWS-rez23.article |title=Obama and his Rezko ties | work=Chicago SunTimes | author=Novak, Tim | date=2007-04-23 | accessdate=2008-05-10] Starting in 2003, Rezko was one of the people on Obama's U.S. Senate campaign finance committee, which raised more than $14 million. Rezko threw an early fundraiser for Obama, which Chicago Tribune reporter David Mendelland claims was instrumental in providing Obama with seed money for his U.S. Senate race. Obama has since identified over $250,000 in campaign contributions to various Obama campaigns as coming from Rezko or close associates, and has claimed to have donated almost two thirds of that amount to unspecified nonprofit groups. [cite news | url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/politics/obama/844634,obamasun031508.article | title=Obama explains Rezko relationship to Sun-Times | work=Chicago Sun-Times | author=Chris Fusco | coauthors=David McKinney, Tim Novak, and Abdon M. Pallasch | date=2008-03-16 | accessdate=2008-03-16] cite news | author=Drew, Christopher | coauthors=McIntire, Mike | title=An Obama Patron and Friend Until an Indictment | work=The New York Times date=2007-06-14 | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/14/us/politics/14rezko.html?pagewanted=1 | accessdate=2008-03-05]

Also, in 2005 Obama purchased a new home in the Kenwood District of Chicago for $1.65 million (which was $300,000 below the asking price but represented the highest offer on the property) on the same day that Rezko's wife, Rita Rezko, purchased the adjoining empty lot from the same sellers for the full asking price.cite news | url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-0611010273nov01,0,1188525.story?page=1 | title=Rezko owns vacant lot next to Obama's home | work=Chicago Tribune | author=Ray Gibson | coauthors=David Jackson | date=2006-11-01 | accessdate=2008-03-04] Obama acknowledged bringing his interest in the property to Rezko's attention, ["Asked who approached her about the house, Schwan [the seller's broker] told Salon, 'I honestly don't remember. Tony Rezko lived across the street, so he'd been interested in the lot.'"cite web | url=http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2008/02/01/rezko/print.html | title=How close were Barack Obama and Tony Rezko? | publisher=Salon.com | author=McClelland, Edward | date=2008-02-01 | accessdate=2008-05-10] but denied any coordination of offers. According to Obama, while the properties had originally been a single property, the previous owners decided to sell the land as two separate lots, but made it a condition of the sales that they be closed on the same date. Obama also claimed that the properties had been on the market for months, that his offer was the best of two bids, and that Ms. Rezko's bid was matched by another offer, also of $625,000, so that she could not have purchased the property for less.cite news | author=McKinney, Dave | coauthors=Fusco, Chris | title=Obama on Rezko deal: It was a mistake | work=Chicago Sun-Times | date=2006-11-05 | url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/124171,CST-NWS-obama05.article | accessdate=2008-05-10] Obama's description of the purchase was later confirmed by the previous owner of the house. [cite news | url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/media/acrobat/2008-03/36768343.pdf | format=PDF | title=Request for Information | work=Chicago Tribune | date=2008-03-14 | accessdate=2008-06-04]

After it had been reported in 2006 that Rezko was under federal investigation for influence-peddling, Obama purchased a convert|10|foot|m wide strip of Ms. Rezko's property for $104,500, $60,000 above the assessed value. According to "Chicago Sun-Times" columnist, Mark Brown, "Rezko definitely did Obama a favor by selling him the 10-foot strip of land, making his own parcel less attractive for development." [cite news | author=Brown, Mark | url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/politics/121104,CST-NWS-brown02.article | title=Obama's dealings with Rezko buy a parcel of questions | work=Chicago Sun-Times | date=2006-11-02 | accessdate=2008-05-10] Obama acknowledges that the exchange may have created the appearance of impropriety, and stated "I consider this a mistake on my part and I regret it."

On December 28, 2006, Ms. Rezko sold the property to a company owned by her husband's former business attorney. That sale of $575,000, combined with the earlier $104,500 sale to the Obamas, amounted to a net profit of $54,500 over her original purchase, less $14,000 for a fence along the property line and other expenses. [The $54,500 figure is before any property tax and other expenses Ms. Rezko incurred during her ownership] [cite news | url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/obama/chi-0702240237feb24,0,5895873.story | title=Rezko sells lot next to Obama | work=Chicago Tribune | author=Jackson, David | coauthors=Ray Gibson |date=2007-02-24 | accessdate=2008-03-04] In October 2007, the new owners put the still vacant land up for sale again, this time for $1.5 million. [cite news | url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/politics/obama/595915,CST-NWS-obama10.article | title=Lot next to Obama can be yours for $1.5M | work=Chicago Sun-Times | author= Novak, Tim | date=2007-10-10 | accessdate=2008-03-04]

In June 2007, the "Sun-Times" published a story about letters Obama had written in 1997 to city and state officials in support of a low-income senior citizen development project headed by Rezko and partner Allison Davis. The project received more than $14 million in taxpayer funds, including $885,000 in development fees for Rezko and Davis. Of Obama's letters in support of the Cottage View Terrace apartments development, Obama spokesman Bill Burton said, "This wasn't done as a favor for anyone, it was done in the interests of the people in the community who have benefited from the project. I don't know that anyone specifically asked him to write this letter nine years ago. There was a consensus in the community about the positive impact the project would make and Obama supported it because it was going to help people in his district." Rezko's attorney responded that "Mr. Rezko never spoke with, nor sought a letter from, Senator Obama in connection with that project. [cite news | author=Novak, Tim | title=Obama's letters for Rezko | work=Chicago Sun-Times | date=2007-06-13 | url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/politics/425305,CST-NWS-obama13.article | accessdate=2008-05-10]

In the South Carolina Democratic Party presidential debate on January 21, 2008, Senator Hillary Clinton said that Obama had represented Rezko, who she referred to as a slum landlord. [cite news | author=Healy, Patrick | coauthors=Zeleny, Jeff | title=Obama and Clinton Tangle at Debate | work=The New York Times | date=2008-01-22 | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/22/us/politics/22dems.html?em&ex=1201150800&en=6ae2b7e80f2fc272&ei=5087%0A | accessdate=2008-05-10] Obama responded that he had never represented Rezko and had done only about five hours work, indirectly, for Rezko's firm.Fact|the citation listed had nothing about this|date=September 2008 Within days of the debate, a photo of Rezko posing with Bill and Hillary Clinton surfaced. When asked about the photo Hillary Clinton commented "I probably have taken hundreds of thousands of pictures. I wouldn’t know him if he walked in the door." [cite news | url=http://youdecide08.foxnews.com/2008/01/25/photo-surfaces-showing-sen-clinton-posing-with-chicago-landlord-rezko/ | title=Photo Surfaces Showing Sen. Clinton Posing With Chicago Landlord Rezko | publisher=FOXNews | date=2008-01-25 | accessdate=2008-05-10]

Ties with other politicians

Tony Rezko's first significant political act was hosting a fundraiser for Harold Washington during Washington's successful campaign to become Chicago's first black mayor. He has since raised funds for many other politicians, both Democrats and Republicans.cite news | author=Sneed, Michael | title=The Rezko scandal ... | work=Chicago Sun-Times | date=2006-10-12 | url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/sneed/93087,CST-NWS-sneed12.article | accessdate=2008-03-05] In addition to Blagojevich and Obama, prominent Democrats that Rezko and his company, Rezmar, have contributed money to, or fund-raised for, are Comptroller Dan Hynes, Attorney General Lisa Madigan, Lieutenant Governor Pat Quinn, former Chicago Mayors Daley and Washington, and former Cook County Board President John Stroger. Rezko has also raised money for Republicans: former Illinois Governors Jim Edgar and George Ryan, the late Rosemont, Illinois Mayor Donald Stephens and he co-chaired a multimillion-dollar fund-raiser for President George W. Bush in 2003.

Rezko headed the 2002 campaign finance committee for Stroger. Stroger in turn appointed Rezko's wife, Rita, to the Cook County Employee Appeals Board, which hears cases brought by fired or disciplined workers. The part-time post pays $37,000 a year. A Rezko company had a contract to maintain pay telephones at the Cook County Jail under Stroger. The "Chicago Sun-Times" puts Rezko's contributions to Stroger at $148,300. [cite web|url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/353782,CST-NWS-rezpols23.article |title=Top recipients of campaign cash | work=Chicago Sun-Times | date=2007-04-23 | accessdate=2008-06-04]

References

External links

*Eric Zorn, [http://blogs.chicagotribune.com/news_columnists_ezorn/2008/02/obamas-rezkoppo.html#more RezkoWebliography] "The Chicago Tribune", February 7, 2008
* [http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/iln/pr/chicago/2006/pr1011_01.pdf DOJ announcement and summary of indictment] , Oct 11 2006