Shigetarō Shimada

Infobox Military Person
name=Shigetarō Shimada
lived= 24 September 1883 - 7 June 1976 [Nishida, Imperial Japanese Navy]
placeofbirth=Tokyo, Japan
placeofdeath=Tokyo, Japan


caption= Admiral Shigetarō Shimada
nickname=
allegiance=Empire of Japan
branch=navy|Empire of Japan
serviceyears=1904-1945
rank="Tama", "Hiei"
IJN 3rd Fleet,China Area Fleet, Kure Naval District, Yokosuka Naval District
unit=
battles=Russo-Japanese War
Battle of Tsushima
Second Sino-Japanese War
World War II
awards= Order of the Golden Kite (2nd class), Order of the Sacred Treasures (1st class), Order of the Rising Sun (1st class)
family=
laterwork=Minister of the Navynihongo|Shigetarō Shimada|嶋田繁太郎|Shimada Shigetarō|extra=24 September 1883 – 7 June 1976 was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. He also served as Navy Minister

Biography

A native of Tokyo, Shimada graduated from the 32nd class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in 1904. He was ranked 27th out of 192 cadets, and one of his fellow classmates was the famous admiral Isoroku Yamamoto.

Shimada served his midshipman duty aboard the submarine tender "Karasaki maru", and the cruiser "Izumi", participating in the Battle of Tsushima in the Russo-Japanese War.

After commissioning as a sub-lieutenant, he was assigned to the "Niitaka" and "Otowa". After his promotion to lieutenant on 11 October 1909, he served on the battlecruiser "Tsukuba" and battleship "Settsu".

After graduating with highest honors from the Naval War College in December 1913, Shimada was promoted to lieutenant commander in December 1915 and assigned as an assistant naval attaché in Rome, Italy during World War I.

Returning to Japan after the war, Shimada held various staff positions in the 1920s as a staff officer the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff in 1920, executive officer of the "Hyūga" in 1922, an instructor at the Naval War College in 1923 and commander of the 7th Submarine Division in 1926.

He was promoted to captain on 1 December 1924, and his first command was the "Tama" in 1928, followed by the battleship "Hiei" later the same year.

Shimada was promoted to rear admiral on 30 November 1929, and assigned as Chief of Staff to the IJN 2nd Fleet. After Shimada was transferred to IJN 1st Fleet in December 1930, he served as Commandant of the Submarine School, before being assigned to the IJN 3rd Fleet in February 1932. As commander of the IJN 3rd Fleet, he participated in the First Shanghai Incident of 1932.

Returning to the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff as a senior staff officer in June 1932, he served as Chief of the Third and later served concurrently as Chief of the First Department from November 1932 until October 1933 when he assumed total command. Becoming Vice Chief of the Naval General Staff in December 1933, Shimada was promoted to vice admiral on 15 November 1934.

During the late-1930s Shimada's positions included commandant of the Kure Naval District, commander in chief of the IJN 2nd Fleet and China Area Fleet as well as commanding officer of the Yokosuka Naval District.

Shimada was named Minister of the Navy on 18 October 1941. During his term as Navy Minister, he knew of the plans for the attack on Pearl Harbor and approved its implementation. Although largely regarded as a submissive lackey for his reputation of meek submissiveness and unquestioning loyalty to Prime Minister Hideki Tojo (which created considerably unpopularity and criticism among his naval associates, who would refer to him as "Tojo's Yurufun" ("Tojo's Droopy Drawers"), Tojo's "tea servant" or "briefcase carrier" behind his back), Shimada played an important role in working with Tojo in coordinating military operations between the Army and Navy during the early years of the Pacific War.

After a series of major Japanese losses, Emperor Hirohito lost confidence in both the Army and Naval Chiefs of Staff. As such, Tojo was able to dismiss Chief of the Army General Staff Hajime Sugiyama and Chief of the Naval General Staff Osami Nagano. Tojo assumed the role of Army Chief while Shimada became Naval Chief on 21 February 1944, concurrent with his position as Naval Minister. This reorganization made Shimada supreme commander of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

Shimada's power grab, however, gained him many enemies in the naval General Staff and the Emperor's court. Shimada's opponents continuously pressured Emperor Hirohito to dismiss him, citing that the navy was losing battle after battle under Shimada's direction. Hirohito finally made his displeasure with Shimada known to Tojo in July 1944, shortly after the fall of Saipan. Tojo immediately asked for Shimada's resignation, and replaced him as Navy Minister with Mitsumasa Yonai on 17 July and as Chief of the General Navy Staff on 2 August.

Although appointed to the Supreme War Council, Shimada retired from active duty on 20 January 1945 remaining in an advisory capacity for the remainder of the war.

After the war, Shimada was arrested by the SCAP authorities and charged with war crimes. At the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, he was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for waging aggressive war against the United States, United Kingdom, China and the Netherlands. After the end of the American occupation of Japan, he was released on parole in 1955 by Prime Minister Ichiro Hatoyama.

References

Books

*cite book
last = Costello
first = John
authorlink =
year = 1965
title = The Pacific War
publisher = Harper Perennial
location =
id = ISBN 0688016200
*cite book
last = Bix
first = Herbert P
authorlink =
year = 2001
title = Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
publisher = Harper Perennial
location =
id = ISBN 0060931302
*cite book
last = Toland
first = John
authorlink =
year = 2003
title = The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936-1945
publisher = Modern Library
location =
id = ISBN 0812968581
*cite book
last = Parrish
first = Thomas
coauthor= S. L. A. Marshall, ed.
year = 2001
title = The Simon and Schuster Encyclopedia of World War II
publisher = Simon and Schuster
location = New York
id = ISBN

External links

*cite web
last = Nishida
first = Hiroshi
authorlink =
url = http://homepage2.nifty.com/nishidah/e/px32.htm#a002
title = Imperial Japanese Navy
accessdate = 2007-02-25

Notes