- Carbon nanofoam
Carbon nanofoam is an allotrope of carbon discovered in
1997 byAndrei V. Rode and co-workers at theAustralian National University inCanberra . cite journal | last = Rode | first = Andrei V. | authorlink = | coauthors = "et al." | year = 1999 | month = | title = Structural analysis of a carbon foam formed by high pulse-rate laser ablation | journal = Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing | volume = 69 | issue = 7 | pages = S755–S758 | doi = 10.1007/s003390051522 | url = | accessdate = | quote = ] It consists of a low-density cluster-assembly of carbon atoms strung together in a loose three-dimensional web.Each cluster is about 6 nanometers wide and consists of about 4000 carbon
atom s linked ingraphite -like sheets that are given negative curvature by the inclusion ofheptagon s among the regularhexagon al pattern. This is the opposite of what happens in the case ofbuckminsterfullerene s, in which carbon sheets are given positive curvature by the inclusion ofpentagon s.The large-scale structure of carbon nanofoam is similar to that of an
aerogel , but with 1% of the density of previously producedcarbon aerogels —or only a few times the density ofair atsea level . Unlike carbon aerogels, carbon nanofoam is a poor electrical conductor. The nanofoam contains numerousunpaired electron s, which Rode and colleagues propose is due to carbon atoms with only three bonds that are found at topological and bonding defects. This gives rise to what is perhaps carbon nanofoam's most unusual feature: it is attracted to magnets, and below −183 °C can itself be made magnetic.Further reading
*Rode, Andrei; Gamaly, Eugene; Luther-Davies, Barry. "Method for deposition of thin films", International Patent Application No. PCT/AU98/00739, priority date 11 September, 1997; "Method of deposition of thin films of amorphous and crystalline microstructures based on ultrafast pulsed laser deposition", patent|US|6312760 (2001).
* cite journal | last = Rode | first = A. V. | authorlink = | coauthors = Gamaly, E. G.; Luther-Davies, B. | year = 2000 | month = | title = Formation of cluster-assembled carbon nano-foam by high-repetition-rate laser ablation | journal = Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing | volume = 70 | issue = 2 | pages = 135–144 | doi = 10.1007/s003390050025 | url = | accessdate = | quote =
* cite journal | last = Rode | first = A. V. | authorlink = | coauthors = "et al." | year = 2002 | month = | title = Electronic and magnetic properties of carbon nanofoam produced by high-repetition-rate laser ablation | journal = Applied Surface Science | volume = 197–198 | issue = | pages = 644–649 | doi = 10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00433-6 | url = | accessdate = | quote =
* cite journal | last = Rode | first = A. V. | authorlink = | coauthors = "et al." | year = 2004 | month = | title = Unconventional magnetism in all-carbon nanofoam | journal = Phys. Rev. B | volume = 70 | issue = | pages = 054407 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.054407 | url = | accessdate = | quote =
*cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology |volume=7 |last=Gamaly |first=E. G. |authorlink= |coauthors=Rode, A. V. |editor=Nalwa, H. S. |year=2004 |publisher=American Scientific Publishers |location=Stevenson Range |isbn= |pages=783–809 |chapter=Nanostructures created by lasers |chapterurl=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/asp/enn/2004/00000007/00000001/art00039
* cite journal | last = Rode | first = A. V. | authorlink = | coauthors = "et al." | year = 2005 | month = | title = Strong paramagnetism and possible ferromagnetism in pure carbon nanofoam produced by laser ablation | journal = Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials | volume = 290–291 | issue = 1 | pages = 298–301 | doi = 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.11.213 | url = | accessdate = | quote =
* cite journal | last = Arčon | first = D. | authorlink = | coauthors = "et al." | year = 2006 | month = | title = Origin of Magnetic Moments in Carbon Nanofoam | journal = Phys. Rev. B | volume = 74 | issue = | pages = 014438 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.014438 | url = | accessdate = | quote =
* cite journal | last = Blinc | first = R. | authorlink = | coauthors = "et al." | year = 2006 | month = | title = 13C NMR and EPR of carbon nanofoam | journal = Physica Status Solidi B | volume = 243 | issue = 13 | pages = 3069–3072 | doi = 10.1002/pssb.200669152 | url = | accessdate = | quote =
*cite book |title=Carbon-based magnetism: an overview of the magnetism of metal free carbon-based compounds and materials |last=Rode |first=A. V. |authorlink= |coauthors="et al." |editor=Makarova, Tatiana L.; Palacio, Fernando |year=2006 |publisher=Elsevier |location=Amsterdam |isbn=0444519475 |pages=463–482 |chapter=Magnetic properties of novel carbon allotropes
* cite journal | last = Lau | first = D. W. M. | authorlink = | coauthors = "et al." | year = 2007 | month = | title = High-Temperature Formation of Carbon Onions within Nanofoam: An Experimental and Simulation Study | journal = Phys. Rev. B | volume = 75 | issue = | pages = 233408 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.233408 | url = | accessdate = | quote =References
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