Aleksandra Ekster

Alexandra Ekster or Exter ( _ru. Александра Александровна Экстер; January 6, 1882 - March 17, 1949) was a Russian-Ukrainian painter (Cubo-Futurist, Suprematist, Constructivist), designer, and one of the founders of Art Deco.

Biography

Childhood

She was born "Aleksandra Aleksandrovna Grigorovich" in Białystok, Imperial Russia (now Poland) to a wealthy Belarusian family. Her father, Aleksandr Grigorovich, was a wealthy businessman. Young Aleksandra received an excellent private education, she studied languages, music, art, and took private drawing lessons.

Marriage

In 1903, Aleksandra Grigorovich married a successful Kiev lawyer, Nikolai Evgenyevich Ekster. The Eksters belonged to cultural and intellectual elite of Kiev. At that time she studied painting at Kiev art school. In 1907, she spent several months with her husband in Paris, and there she attended Académie de la Grande Chaumière in Montparnasse. From 1908 to 1924 she intermittently lived in Kiev, St. Petersburg, Odessa, Paris, Rome and Moscow.

Kiev

Her painting studio in the attic at 27 Funduklievskaya Street was a rallying stage for Kiev's intellectual elite. There she was visited by poets and writers, such as Anna Akhmatova, Ilia Ehrenburg, and Osip Mandelstam, dancers Bronislava Nijinska and Elsa Kruger, as well as many artists and students, such as Grigori Kozintsev, Sergei Yutkevich, and Aleksei Kapler among many others. In 1908 she participated in an exhibition together with members of the group "Zveno (Link)" organized by David Burliuk, Wladimir Burliuk and others in Kiev.

Paris

In Paris Aleksandra Exter was personal friend of Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque who introduced her to Gertrude Stein.

In 1914 Ekster participated in "Salon des Indépendants" exhibitions in Paris, together with Kazimir Malevich, Alexander Archipenko, Vadym Meller, Sonia Delaunay-Terk and other French and Russian artists. In that same year she participated in "International Futurist Exhibition" in Milan. In 1915 she joined the group of avant-garde artists "Supremus".

Russian avant-garde

Exter absorbed from many sources and cultures in order to develop her own original style. In 1915-1916 she worked in the peasant craft cooperatives in the villages Skoptsi and Verbovka along with Kazimir Malevich, Yevgenia Pribylskaya, Natalia Davidova, Nina Genke, Liubov Popova, Ivan Puni, Olga Rozanova, Nadezhda Udaltsova and others. Ekster later founded a teaching and production workshop (MDI) in Kiev (1918-1920). Meller, Petrytsky, Red'ko, Chelitschev, Shifrin, Nikritin worked there. Also during this period she was one of the leading names of Alexander Tairov's Chamber Theatre.

In 1919 together with other avant-garde artists Kliment Red'ko and Nina Genke-Meller she decorated the streets and squares of Kiev and Odessa in abstract style for Revolution Festivities. She worked as a costume designer in a Ballet Studio of the dancer Bronislava Nijinska (Vaslav Nijinsky's sister).

In 1921 she became a director of the elementary course "Colour" at the Higher Artistic-Technical Workshop (VKhUTEMAS) in Moscow, a position she held until 1924.

Emigration

In 1924, Alexandra Exter and her husband emigrated to France and settled in Paris. Initially she became a Professor at the Academie der Moderne in Paris. From 1926 to 1930 Ekster was a professor at Fernand Leger's Academie d'Art Contemporain. In 1933 she began creating illuminated manuscripts (gouache on paper), which are beyond doubt the most important works of the last phase of her life. In 1936 she participated in the exhibition "Cubism and Abstract Art" in New York and went on to have solo exhibitions in Prague and in Paris. In 1936 she began working as a book illustrator for the publishing company "Flammarion" in Paris. She continued in this role until 1949 when she died in the Paris suburb of Fontenay-aux-Roses.

External links and references

*Alexandra Ekster, Georgiy Kovalenko, 1993, Galart, Moscow, Russia.