USS Housatonic (1861)

USS "Housatonic" was a screw sloop-of-war of the United States Navy, named for Housatonic River of New England which rises in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, and flows southward into Connecticut before emptying into Long Island Sound a little east of Bridgeport, Connecticut.

"Housatonic" was launched November 20, 1861, by the Boston Navy yard sponsored by Miss Jane Coffin Colby and Miss Susan Paters Hudson; and commissioned there August 29, 1862 with Commander William Rogers Taylor in command.

"Housatonic" departed Boston September 11 and arrived Charleston September 19 to join the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron. She took station outside the bar. On January 29, 1863, her boats, aided by those of
"Augusta", "Blunt", and "America", boarded and refloated the iron steamer "Princess Royal". "Unadilla" had driven the blockade runner ashore as she attempted to slip into Charleston from England with a cargo consisting of two marine engines destined for Confederate ironclads and a large quantity of ordnance and ammunition. These imports were of such great potential value to the South that they have been called "the war's most important single cargo of contraband."

It was possibly in the hope of recovering this invaluable prize that the Confederate ironclad rams "Chicora" and "Palmetto State" slipped out of the main ship channel of Charleston Harbor to attack the Union blockading fleet in the early morning fog two days later. They rammed
"Mercedita", forcing her to strike her colors "in a sinking and perfectly defenseless condition", and moved on to cripple "Keystone State". Gunfire from the rams also damaged "Quaker City" and "Augusta" before the Confederate ships withdrew under fire from "Housatonic" to the protection of shore batteries.

On March 19, 1863, "Housatonic" and [http://www.hazegray.org/danfs/gunboats/wisshkn1.htm "Wissahicken"] responding to signal flares sent up by "America" chased the 407 ton, iron hulled, blockade runner "SS Georgiana" ashore on Long Island (present day Isle of Palms), South Carolina. The "Georgiana's" cargo of munitions, medicine and merchandise was then valued at over $1,000,000. The "Georgiana" was described in contemporary dispatches and newspaper accounts as more powerful than the Confederate cruisers "Alabama", "Shenandoah", and "Oreto" ("Florida"). This was a serious and very important blow to the Confederacy. The wreck of the "Georgiana" was discovered by pioneer underwater archaeologist Lee Spence in 1965.

"Housatonic" captured the sloop "Neptune" April 19 as she attempted to run out of Charleston with a cargo of cotton and turpentine. She was credited with assisting in the capture of the steamer "Seesh" May 15. Howitzers mounted in "Housatonic"'s boats joined in the attack on Fort Wagner July 10, which began the continuing bombardment of the Southern works at Charleston. In ensuing months her crew repeatedly manned boats which shelled the shoreline, patrolled close ashore gathering valuable information, and landed troops for raids against the outer defenses of Charleston.

Meanwhile "Housatonic" vigilantly maintained her station in the blockade outside the bar until just before 9pm, February 17, 1864. Her officer of the deck sighted an object in the water 100 yards off, approaching the ship. "It had the appearance of a plank moving in the water," he later reported. Although the chain was slipped, the engine backed, and all hands were called to quarters, it was too late. Within two minutes of the first sighting, the Confederate submarine "H.L. Hunley" rammed her spar torpedo into "Housatonic"'s starboard side, forward of the mizzenmast, in history's first successful submarine attack on a warship. Before the rapidly sinking ship went down, the crew managed to lower two boats which took all the men they could hold; most others saved themselves by climbing into the rigging which remained above water after the stricken ship settled on the bottom. Two officers and three men in "Housatonic" died. The Confederate submarine was lost with all hands not long after this action.

The wreck of "Housatonic" was largely scrapped in the 1870s-1890s and her location was eventually removed from coastal navigation charts and lost to history. Her resting place was rediscovered by marine archaeologist Dr. E. Lee Spence of the Sea Research Society in 1979.

External links

* [http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/h8/housatonic-i.htm history.navy.mil: USS "Housatonic"]