Kalonzo Musyoka

Stephen Kalonzo Musyoka (born December 24 1953) is a Kenyan politician, currently serving as Vice President of Kenya. Musyoka served in the government under President Daniel arap Moi and was Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1993 until 1998; subsequently, under President Mwai Kibaki, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs again from 2003 to 2004, then Minister of the Environment from 2004 to 2005. He was an unsuccessful candidate in the 2007 presidential election, after which he was appointed as Vice-President by Kibaki in January 2008. He also serves as Chief Commissioner for The Kenya Scouts Association.

Early life

He was born in Tseikuru, in a remote part of Mwingi District (then part of Kitui District) in Kenya's Eastern Province. Between 1960 and 1967 he studied at Tseikuru Full Primary School. Then he went to Kitui High School in Kitui and eventually to Meru High School in Meru from where he graduated in 1973. Kalonzo Musyoka graduated with a Bachelor of Law degree from the University of Nairobi in 1977. He continued further studies at the Kenya School of Law and Mediterranean Institute of Management in Cyprus Daily Nation [http://politics.nationmedia.com/kalonzo.asp Profile of Kalonzo Musyoka] ]

Politics

Musyoka vied for the Kitui North Constituency parliamentary seat in 1983, but was defeated. At the time, Kenya was one-party state and the only party fielding candidates was Kenya African National Union (KANU). However, only two years later, in 1985 the Kitui North seat was vacated and Musyoka won subsequent by-elections, thus becoming an MP at the age of 32. In 1986 he was appointed Assistant Minister for Works. He was re-elected at the 1988 parliamentary elections. He was KANU's National Organizing Secretary from 1988 to 1998.

Kenya's first multiparty elections were held in 1992. Musyoka stayed in KANU, renewed his parliamentary position and was appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. He also held couple of other ministerial positions while part of the KANU government. He was again elected to the parliament at the 1997 elections, but now from Mwingi North Constituency, since his former constituency Kitui North was split into new constituencies MP [Center for Multiparty Democracy: [http://www.cmd.or.ke/images/Politics%20and%20Paliamenterians%20in%20Kenya.pdf Politics and Parliamenterians in Kenya 1944-2007] ] .

In the months leading up to the 2002 general election, under the leadership of then KANU secretary general, Raila Odinga, he decamped from KANU to join the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) under the banner of the National Rainbow Coalition, which went on to win the general elections.

Musyoka became Minister for Foreign Affairs for a second time under President Mwai Kibaki, but in a cabinet reshuffle on June 30 2004 he was moved to the post of Minister for the Environment. In late August 2004, he was additionally removed from his position as chairman of the Sudanese and Somali peace talks and was replaced by John Koech. [ [http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article5027 "Kenyan Kalonzo removed from Somali and Soudanese peace talks role"] , "The Nation" (sudantribune.com), August 27, 2004.] Musyoka was reportedly unhappy with President Kibaki's refusal to honour a pre-election "Memorandum of understanding" (MOU) which they had signed with the president's party NAK. He was one of the leaders of the successful "No"-campaign in the November 2005 referendum on the proposed new constitution. Following the referendum, he was dismissed from the Cabinet.Patrick Nzioka, [http://allafrica.com/stories/200801080938.html "Kenya: Kalonzo Miracle Taking Shape"] , "The Nation" (allAfrica.com), January 9, 2008.]

Quite recently, Kalonzo Musyoka decamped Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) into the little known Labor Party of Kenya. [http://allafrica.com/stories/200708050015.html, Kenya: Rivals Now Plan to Register New ODM, All Africa.com]

Kalonzo Musyoka was widely expected to vie for the presidency in the December 2007 election. Musyoka campaigned for the ODM-Kenya ticket, facing a number of other contenders. His rating for December 2007 election steadily dropped, and political analysts wondered whether he would make a significant impact. His relationship with fellow ODM-Kenya leader Raila Odinga, who was also after the ODM-Kenya presidential ticket, was the subject of much speculation. Many observers questioned whether the presidential hopefuls of ODM-Kenya, particularly Raila and Musyoka, could unite to support one common candidate for the general election.

The ODM-Kenya split into two factions, one including Musyoka and the other including Odinga, in August 2007. Musyoka was elected by his faction as its presidential candidate on August 31, 2007, [Malcolm Webb, [http://www.voanews.com/english/2007-08-31-voa34.cfm "Kenya's Opposition Chooses Presidential Candidate"] , VOA News, August 31, 2007.] Eric Shimoli and Dave Opiyo, [http://allafrica.com/stories/200708311137.html "Kenya: Kalonzo Picked to Hoist ODM-K Flag"] , "The Nation" (allAfrica.com), September 1, 2007.] receiving 2,835 votes in a secret ballot against Julia Ojiambo, who received 791 votes.

Musyoka has been quoted as saying "... the war against poverty could not be won unless environmental issues were addressed."Fact|date=January 2008

Musyoka launched his presidential campaign at Uhuru Park in Nairobi on October 14 2007.

According to official results, Musyoka placed a distant third behind Kibaki and Odinga with 9% of the vote. [ [http://www.communication.go.ke/elections/default.asp Page on 2007 results] at Office of the Government Spokesman.] Amid a violent crisis over the results, with supporters of Kibaki and Odinga disputing the outcome, Kibaki appointed Musyoka as Vice-President and Minister of Home Affairs on January 8 2008. [ [http://allafrica.com/stories/200801080673.html "Kenya: Kibaki Names Cabinet"] , "The East African Standard" (allAfrica.com), January 8, 2008.] Musyoka expressed gratitude to Kibaki and, referring to the ongoing dispute and violence, said that he was "intensely aware that the appointment has come at a difficult time when our nation is going through a painful moment". He took office as Vice-President on January 9. [Mutinda Mwanzia, [http://allafrica.com/stories/200801100789.html "Kenya: Awori Hands Over to Kalonzo"] , "The East African Standard" (allAfrica.com), January 10, 2008.]

The political crisis eventually led to the signing of a power-sharing agreement between Kibaki and Odinga. In the Grand Coalition Cabinet that was announced on April 13 2008, Musyoka remained Vice President and Minister of Home Affairs. [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7345318.stm "Kenya unveils coalition cabinet"] , BBC News, April 13, 2008.] [Anthony Kariuki, [http://politics.nationmedia.com/inner.asp?pcat=NEWS&cat=TOP&sid=1787 "Kibaki names Raila PM in new Cabinet"] , nationmedia.com, April 13, 2008.]

Family

Kalonzo Musyoka is married to Pauline. They have four children.

References

External links

* [http://www.kalonzomusyokaforpresident.com Kalonzo Musyoka] - official website
* [http://www.kalonzomusyokafoundation.org Kalonzo Musyoka Foundation]
* [http://www.parliament.go.ke/MPs/members_musyoka_s.php Kenyan Parliament] - Kalonzo Musyoka profile