Independence/Democracy

Infobox European Parliament group
name = Independence/Democracy
title = Independence/Democracy



imagecaption = I/D logo
from=20 July 2004
to=present
englishabbr = IND/DEM
frenchabbr = IND/DEM
formalname = Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament
precededby=Europe of Democracies and Diversities
europarties =Alliance of Independent Democrats in Europe, EUDemocrats
ideology = Euroscepticism
chairs = Nigel Farage MEP and
Kathy Sinnott MEP
meps = 37 (20-23 July 2004)
28 (January 2007)
22 (24 June 2008)
website =http://www.iadgroup.co.uk/ (2004)
http://indemgroup.org/The Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament was set up on 20 July 2004. It is the current Eurosceptic group.

History

ixth Parliament

The 2004 European Parliament elections were reported as a good result for Eurosceptic parties. 37 MEPs (33 on July 20, with 4 more the next day) from the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP), Junibevægelsen (Denmark), Mouvement pour la France (France), Lega Nord (Italy), ChristenUnie-SGP (Netherlands), LAOS (Greece), Junilistan (Sweden), Nezávislí (Czech Republic), the League of Polish Families (Poland) and an Independent from Ireland, joined together in the first week of the new Parliament to form the Eurosceptic group called "Independence/Democracy", succeeding the group called "Europe of Democracies and Diversities" that had existed before the elections.

In the first week, IND/DEM assigned a UKIP MEP to the women's rights committee. The MEP, Godfrey Bloom, promptly made comments including "No self-respecting small businessman with a brain in the right place would ever employ a lady of child-bearing age" and "I am here to represent Yorkshire women who always have dinner on the table when you get home. I am going to promote men's rights." The remarks engendered outrage from a range of fellow politicians.

One UKIP MEP never made it to IND/DEM. Ashley Mote was expelled from UKIP prior to IND/DEM's formation when it became known that he faced charges for housing benefit fraud. Mote went on to join the far-right Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty group before being convicted in 2007.

The Lega Nord MEPs eventually all left the group after their expulsion from IND/DEM following an incident involving a t-shirt and the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. MEPs from the League of Polish Families also left the group, although not all and not all at once.

By 24 June 2008, IND/DEM were down to 22 MEPs.

tructure

Organisation

IND/DEM has a joint political leadership. The group's co-chairs are Nigel Farage (UKIP) and Kathy Sinnott, the latter having replaced long-time MEP Jens-Peter Bonde (June Movement) on his retirement in May 2008. Farage represents the secessionist MEPs, and Sinnott the reformist MEPs. The leadership is loose, enabling the two sets of MEPs to unite around the broad principles of democracy and transparency which are embodied in its statute and to which IND/DEM MEPs are expected to adhere. The day-to-day running of the group is performed by its secretariat, and its (again joint) current secretaries-general are Claudine Vangrunderbeeck and Herman Verheirstraeten.

ubgroups

IND/DEM is a coalition of MEPs from two distinct wings of Euroscepticism: a reformist subgroup made up of those MEPs who believe that the EU is essentially desirable if reformed and who support greater transparency and control over the EU bureaucracy, and a secessionist subgroup consisting of those MEPs (notably UKIP) who believe that the EU is inherently wrong even if reformed and who advocate withdrawal from the EU.

Member parties

IND/DEM member parties as of 24 July 2008 are as follows:

Activities

In the news

Activities performed by IND/DEM in the period between June 1 2004 and June 1 2008 that resulted in an entry on Google News include: seeking to allow Parliament to be filmed; criticising EC President Barroso for taking a cruise on a yacht owned by Spiro Latsis prior to the Commission giving a Latsis shipyard a grant of €10 million; trying to get an European Parliament auditor's report on alleged abuses of staff allowances published; opposing the appointment of Rocco Buttiglione as Justice Commissioner; being against the Constitution Treaty, the Lisbon Treaty, and a deeper Europe; expelling Lega Nord and the League of Polish Families; arguing against the two-person Presidency, the two-seat Parliament, and attempts to fund plans to improve EP turnout; arguing for greater control of the Commission by Parliament, for decentralisation, mandatory lobbying disclosure, and supporting whistleblower Hans-Peter Martin.

Publications

IND/DEM publications include the [http://indemgroup.eu/uploads/media/Prague_declaration_EN.pdf Prague Declaration] of October 2005, which restated their disapproval of the Constitution Treaty and belief that the values it embodied should not be resurrected, and the [http://indemgroup.eu/uploads/media/declaration_of_Delphi.pdf Delphi Declaration] of July 2007, which made similar points concerning the Treaty of Lisbon. Since June 2006, IND/DEM has published a newsletter called [http://indemgroup.eu/48/ EU Watch] , which gives an eurosceptic view on the EU activities of the day.

Parliamentary activity profile

The debates and votes in the European Parliament are tracked by its website and categorized by the groups that participate in them and the rule of procedure that they fall into. The results give a profile for each group by category and the total indicates the group's level of participation in Parliamentary debates. The activity profile for IND/DEM for the sixth term (as of 24 June 2008) is as follows:

McElroy and Benoit

A 2005 discussion paper from the Institute for International Integration Studies by Gail McElroy and Kenneth Benoit gave these figures for IND/DEM's predecessor, EDD, just before IND/DEM's creation in July 2004:

ources

* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/ BBC News Online] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/3806503.stm Eurosceptics storm the citadel] , BBC News Online report dated Monday, 14 June, 2004, 18:01 GMT] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/uk_politics/3912205.stm UKIP MEP in row over working women] , BBC News Online report dated Wednesday, 21 July, 2004, 11:22 GMT] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3899969.stm UKIP suspends fraud trial Euro MP] , BBC News Online report dated Friday, 16 July, 2004, 11:47 GMT]
* [http://www.europe-politique.eu Europe Politique] [http://www.europe-politique.eu/elections-europeennes-2004.htm Results of the 2004 European Parliament elections from Europe Politique] ]
* [http://italy.usembassy.gov/english/ U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Italy web site] [http://italy.usembassy.gov/pdf/other/RS21998.pdf Congressional Research Service Report RS21998, on the European Parliament, by Kristin Archick, Specialist in European Affairs, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division, Updated January 23, 2008] ]
* [http://www.cwu.org/ Communication Workers Union] [http://www.cwu.org/uploads/documents/Post%20Europa%2007%20FINAL%20.pdf Postal Services: Liberalisation & Privatisation in the European Union, from the CWU, January 2007] ]
* [http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/conferences/treatyofrome/conference.aspx The Europa Institute of the University of Edinburgh January 2008 Treaty of Rome conference] [http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/conferences/treatyofrome/files/pamphletinsides.pdf Winning entries in the Europa Institute’s Essay Competition on the general topic of The Treaty of Rome, the European Parliament and the Regions and Substate Nations in the European Union, held Autumn 2007, awarded January 2008] ]
* [http://indemgroup.eu/ Independence/Democracy website] [http://indemgroup.eu/uploads/media/Prague_declaration_EN.pdf Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament: The Prague Declaration on the future of Europe, 18th October 2005] ] [http://indemgroup.eu/uploads/media/declaration_of_Delphi.pdf Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament: The Declaration of Delphi, 2-5 July 2007] ] [http://indemgroup.eu/16/ Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament: Program] ] [http://indemgroup.eu/8/ Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament: Our Members] ] [http://indemgroup.eu/7/ Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament: Staff] ] [http://indemgroup.eu/48/ Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament: EU Watch] ]
* [http://www.iht.com International Herald Tribune] [http://www.iht.com/articles/2004/06/15/union_ed3__2.php Political divide is said to deepen further: Populist parties make big gains in EU vote, IHT, June 15, 2004] ] [http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/03/16/news/press.php Media facing bans at EU complex, IHT, March 17, 2005] ] [http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/03/20/business/stage21.php Europe's legislature sees hope in its own TV and comedy, IHT, March 20, 2005] ] [http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/05/26/news/union.php Barroso, hit by charges over cruise, fires back, IHT, May 26, 2005] ] [http://www.iht.com/articles/2004/10/12/news/union.php Nominees struggle in Parliament, IHT, October 12, 2004] ]
* [http://www.volkskrant.nl de Volkskrant] [http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkskrant.nl%2Fbuitenland%2Farticle199382.ece&sl=nl&tl=en&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 MEPs see no bread in motion against Barroso, dV, 9 June 2005] ]
* [http://www.forbes.com/ Forbes] [http://www.forbes.com/afxnewslimited/feeds/afx/2008/02/26/afx4698634.html Report on EU parliament funding abuse to remain secret, dV, February 26 2008] ]
* [http://www.ad.nl/ Algemeen Dagblad] [http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ad.nl%2Fbuitenland%2F2128020%2FVan_Buitenen_voert_druk_op_EP_op.html&sl=nl&tl=en&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 van Buitenen puts pressure on EP, AD, March 11, 2008] ]
* [http://www.cnn.com/ CNN] [http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/europe/10/27/eu.barroso/ Barroso defends delay in EU vote, CNN, October 27, 2004] ]
* [http://english.people.com.cn/ People's Daily Online] [http://english.people.com.cn/200507/11/eng20050711_195396.html EU charter's fate still uncertain after Luxembourg's Yes vote, PD, July 11, 2005] ]
* [http://www.theparliament.com/pages/about-theparliament/ The Parliament Magazine] [http://www.eupolitix.com/latestnews/news-article/newsarticle/meps-kosovo-and-lisbon-treaty-should-top-eu-agenda/ MEPs: Kosovo and Lisbon treaty should top EU agenda, PM, 16 January 2008] ] [http://www.eupolitix.com/latestnews/news-article/newsarticle/bonde-calls-for-election-not-coronation-in-eu-parliament-vote/ Bonde calls for ‘election not coronation’ in EU parliament vote, PM, 15 January 2007] ] [http://www.eupolitix.com/latestnews/news-article/newsarticle/wurtz-urges-sea-change-in-eu-parliament-elections/ Wurtz urges sea change in EU parliament elections, PM, 12 January 2007] ] [http://www.eupolitix.com/latestnews/news-article/newsarticle/strasbourgnbsp-spinelessness-angers-eu-deputies/ Strasbourg 'spinelessness' angers EU deputies, PM, 15 June 2006] ] [http://www.eupolitix.com/latestnews/news-article/newsarticle/meps-outlinenbspplans-to-boost-eunbspparliament-election-turnout/ MEPs outline plans to boost EU parliament election turnout, PM, 27 November 2007] ] [http://www.theparliament.com/latestnews/news-article/newsarticle/polish-meps-splinter/ Polish MEPs splinter, PM, 19 December 2005] ]
* [http://www.euractiv.com/en/Fixed/about/concept.htm EurActiv.com] [http://www.euractiv.com/en/future-eu/eu-treaty-deal-meets-praise-criticism/article-164921 EU Treaty deal meets praise and criticism, EA, 27 June 2007] ] [http://www.euractiv.com/en/opinion/parliament-strengthens-control-commission/article-156620 Parliament strengthens its control over the Commission, EA, 11 September 2006] ]
* [http://euobserver.com/ EUobserver.com] [http://euobserver.com/?aid=21153 Eurosceptics kick out Italian Lega Nord party, EUO, 16 March 2006] ] [http://euobserver.com/9/23095/?rk=1 Parliament nations group gets a power boost, EUO, 13 December 2006] ]
* [http://www.egovmonitor.com/ eGovMonitor] [http://www.egovmonitor.com/node/8610 MEPs debate Commission 2007 work programme, EGOV, 16 November 2006] ]
* [http://www.taipeitimes.com/ Taipei Times] [http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2004/06/13/2003174880 EU perks-buster wins little popularity, TT, June 13, 2004] ]
* [http://www.oe-journal.at/ Österreich Journal] [http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oe-journal.at%2FAktuelles%2F%212005%2F1205%2FW3%2F52012schuelerPk.htm&sl=de&tl=en&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 Students discuss with top-level representatives of the EU Parliament, OJ, 20 December 2005] ]
* [http://www.trouw.nl/ Trouw] [http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trouw.nl%2Flaatstenieuws%2Flaatstenieuws%2Farticle350163.ece%2FVoorzitter_EP_praat_niet_meer_over_Straatsburg&sl=nl&tl=en&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 EP President no longer talking about Strasbourg, TR, 15 June 2006] ]
* [http://www.wienerzeitung.at Wiener Zeitung] [http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wienerzeitung.at%2FDesktopDefault.aspx%3FTabID%3D3857%26Alias%3Dwzo%26cob%3D223993&sl=de&tl=en&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 Northern League as a free radical, WZ, 18 March 2006] ]
* [http://www3.varesenews.it Varese News] [http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.varesenews.it%2Fitalia%2Farticolo.php%3Fid%3D47809&sl=it&tl=en&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 Lega Nord permanently expelled from the Eurosceptic group, VN, 18 March 2006] ]
* [http://www.cato.org/ Cato Institute] [http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=8861 Brussels Will Lose Moral Authority on Democracy, CI, December 21, 2007] ]
* [http://www.mclink.it/com/inform/ Inform] [http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wienerzeitung.at%2FDesktopDefault.aspx%3FTabID%3D3857%26Alias%3Dwzo%26cob%3D223993&sl=de&tl=en&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 Lega Nord expelled from the Eurosceptic group Independence and Democracy. Borghezio announces appeals, IN, 16 March 2006] ]
* [http://news.zdnet.co.uk/ ZDNet News] [http://news.zdnet.co.uk/itmanagement/0,1000000308,39209714,00.htm More MEPs demand transparency after patent debacle, ZDNET, 19 July 2005] ]
* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk The Times] [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article515432.ece EU's poll data 'propaganda': Millions are to be spent on promoting the constitution among member states, Times, February 17, 2005] ] [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article445493.ece Leaders plan for a robust constitution as remedy to voter apathy, Times, June 15, 2004] ] [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article504641.ece They don't like the EU constitution? Quick, send in the force, Times, January 21, 2005] ] [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article443424.ece Many tongues, now some teeth, Times, June 10, 2004] ] [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article459309.ece UKIP plans alliance to scupper constitution, Times, July 20, 2004] ] [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article2279582.ece British MEP convicted for benefit fraud, Times, August 17, 2007] ] [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article1845227.ece Leader of the UKIP accused of selling out, The Sunday Times, May 27, 2007] ]
* [http://www.europarl.europa.eu European Parliament] [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/expert/groupAndCountry/search.do?group=1554&language=EN European Parliament directory listing for Independence/Democracy Group] ] [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+PRESS+TW-20040720-S+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN The Week, 20 July 2004] ]
* [http://foreignaffairs.gov.ie/home/index.aspx Irish Department of Foreign Affairs/An Roinne Gnóthaí Eachtracha] [http://foreignaffairs.gov.ie/uploads/documents/EU%20Division/reports/38336%20dfa%20eu%20ar%20inside.pdf Fourth Annual Report on Developments in the European Union in 2006, DFA, 2007] ]
* [http://epubl.ltu.se/index-en.shtml Luleå University of Technology] [http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1552/2007/079/LTU-DUPP-07079-SE.pdf Turkey as a member of the European Union: a discourse analysis of the views presented in the European Parliament. Martin Olof Persson, ISSN 1402-1552, 2007] ]
* [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/plenary/motion/search.do?language=EN European Parliament:Motions for resolutions put to the vote in plenary] [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/plenary/motion/sidesSearch.do?language=EN&legIdBean.legId=6&authorBean.listId=&confPresBean.confPres=&committeeBean.comId=&groupBehalfBean.groupId=1123&refBxNumBean.refBxNum=B6-&refBxYearBean.refBxYear=&refPeBean.refPeNum=PE-&datePartSessBean.datePartSess=&datePartSessYearBean.datePartSessYear=&subjectBean.listValue=&subjectBean.listId=&artReglBean.artId=PR+33&dateDepositStartBean.dateStart=&dateDepositEndBean.dateEnd=&indexSearchTypeBean.miType=TITLE&indexSearchValueBean.miValue= Motions for resolutions put to the vote by Independence/Democracy in plenary for term 6, category PR+33 (Commission’s work programme)] ] 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[http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/plenary/motion/sidesSearch.do?language=EN&legIdBean.legId=6&authorBean.listId=&confPresBean.confPres=&committeeBean.comId=&groupBehalfBean.groupId=1123&refBxNumBean.refBxNum=B6-&refBxYearBean.refBxYear=&refPeBean.refPeNum=PE-&datePartSessBean.datePartSess=&datePartSessYearBean.datePartSessYear=&subjectBean.listValue=&subjectBean.listId=&artReglBean.artId=REC+114&dateDepositStartBean.dateStart=&dateDepositEndBean.dateEnd=&indexSearchTypeBean.miType=TITLE&indexSearchValueBean.miValue= Motions for resolutions put to the vote by Independence/Democracy in plenary for term 6, category REC+114 (Recommendations to the Council)] ] [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/plenary/motion/sidesSearch.do?language=EN&legIdBean.legId=6&authorBean.listId=&confPresBean.confPres=&committeeBean.comId=&groupBehalfBean.groupId=1123&refBxNumBean.refBxNum=B6-&refBxYearBean.refBxYear=&refPeBean.refPeNum=PE-&datePartSessBean.datePartSess=&datePartSessYearBean.datePartSessYear=&subjectBean.listValue=&subjectBean.listId=&artReglBean.artId=PR+115&dateDepositStartBean.dateStart=&dateDepositEndBean.dateEnd=&indexSearchTypeBean.miType=TITLE&indexSearchValueBean.miValue= Motions for resolutions put to the vote by Independence/Democracy in plenary for term 6, category PR+115 (Breach of human rights)] ] [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/plenary/motion/sidesSearch.do?language=EN&legIdBean.legId=6&authorBean.listId=&confPresBean.confPres=&committeeBean.comId=&groupBehalfBean.groupId=1123&refBxNumBean.refBxNum=B6-&refBxYearBean.refBxYear=&refPeBean.refPeNum=PE-&datePartSessBean.datePartSess=&datePartSessYearBean.datePartSessYear=&subjectBean.listValue=&subjectBean.listId=&artReglBean.artId=PR+127&dateDepositStartBean.dateStart=&dateDepositEndBean.dateEnd=&indexSearchTypeBean.miType=TITLE&indexSearchValueBean.miValue= Motions for resolutions put to the vote by Independence/Democracy in plenary for term 6, category PR+127 (Calendar)] ] [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/plenary/motion/sidesSearch.do?language=EN&legIdBean.legId=6&authorBean.listId=&confPresBean.confPres=&committeeBean.comId=&groupBehalfBean.groupId=1123&refBxNumBean.refBxNum=B6-&refBxYearBean.refBxYear=&refPeBean.refPeNum=PE-&datePartSessBean.datePartSess=&datePartSessYearBean.datePartSessYear=&subjectBean.listValue=&subjectBean.listId=&artReglBean.artId=DEC+174&dateDepositStartBean.dateStart=&dateDepositEndBean.dateEnd=&indexSearchTypeBean.miType=TITLE&indexSearchValueBean.miValue= Motions for resolutions put to the vote by Independence/Democracy in plenary for term 6, category DEC+174 (Setting up of standing committees)] ] [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/plenary/motion/sidesSearch.do?language=EN&legIdBean.legId=6&authorBean.listId=&confPresBean.confPres=&committeeBean.comId=&groupBehalfBean.groupId=1123&refBxNumBean.refBxNum=B6-&refBxYearBean.refBxYear=&refPeBean.refPeNum=PE-&datePartSessBean.datePartSess=&datePartSessYearBean.datePartSessYear=&subjectBean.listValue=&subjectBean.listId=&artReglBean.artId=DEC+175&dateDepositStartBean.dateStart=&dateDepositEndBean.dateEnd=&indexSearchTypeBean.miType=TITLE&indexSearchValueBean.miValue= Motions for resolutions put to the vote by Independence/Democracy in plenary for term 6, category DEC+175 (Setting up of a temporary committee)] ] [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/plenary/motion/sidesSearch.do?language=EN&legIdBean.legId=6&authorBean.listId=&confPresBean.confPres=&committeeBean.comId=&groupBehalfBean.groupId=1123&refBxNumBean.refBxNum=B6-&refBxYearBean.refBxYear=&refPeBean.refPeNum=PE-&datePartSessBean.datePartSess=&datePartSessYearBean.datePartSessYear=&subjectBean.listValue=&subjectBean.listId=&artReglBean.artId=DEC+176&dateDepositStartBean.dateStart=&dateDepositEndBean.dateEnd=&indexSearchTypeBean.miType=TITLE&indexSearchValueBean.miValue= Motions for resolutions put to the vote by Independence/Democracy in plenary for term 6, category DEC+176 (Committee of inquiry)] ] [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/plenary/motion/sidesSearch.do?language=EN&legIdBean.legId=6&authorBean.listId=&confPresBean.confPres=&committeeBean.comId=&groupBehalfBean.groupId=1123&refBxNumBean.refBxNum=B6-&refBxYearBean.refBxYear=&refPeBean.refPeNum=PE-&datePartSessBean.datePartSess=&datePartSessYearBean.datePartSessYear=&subjectBean.listValue=&subjectBean.listId=&artReglBean.artId=DEC+177&dateDepositStartBean.dateStart=&dateDepositEndBean.dateEnd=&indexSearchTypeBean.miType=TITLE&indexSearchValueBean.miValue= Motions for resolutions put to the vote by Independence/Democracy in plenary for term 6, category DEC+177 (Composition of committees)] ] [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/plenary/motion/sidesSearch.do?language=EN&legIdBean.legId=6&authorBean.listId=&confPresBean.confPres=&committeeBean.comId=&groupBehalfBean.groupId=1123&refBxNumBean.refBxNum=B6-&refBxYearBean.refBxYear=&refPeBean.refPeNum=PE-&datePartSessBean.datePartSess=&datePartSessYearBean.datePartSessYear=&subjectBean.listValue=&subjectBean.listId=&artReglBean.artId=DEC+179&dateDepositStartBean.dateStart=&dateDepositEndBean.dateEnd=&indexSearchTypeBean.miType=TITLE&indexSearchValueBean.miValue= Motions for resolutions put to the vote by Independence/Democracy in plenary for term 6, category DEC+179 (Duties of committees)] ] [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/plenary/motion/sidesSearch.do?language=EN&legIdBean.legId=6&authorBean.listId=&confPresBean.confPres=&committeeBean.comId=&groupBehalfBean.groupId=1123&refBxNumBean.refBxNum=B6-&refBxYearBean.refBxYear=&refPeBean.refPeNum=PE-&datePartSessBean.datePartSess=&datePartSessYearBean.datePartSessYear=&subjectBean.listValue=&subjectBean.listId=&artReglBean.artId=DEC+188&dateDepositStartBean.dateStart=&dateDepositEndBean.dateEnd=&indexSearchTypeBean.miType=TITLE&indexSearchValueBean.miValue= Motions for resolutions put to the vote by Independence/Democracy in plenary for term 6, category DEC+188 (Setting up and duties of interparliamentary delegations)] ] [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/plenary/motion/sidesSearch.do?language=EN&legIdBean.legId=6&authorBean.listId=&confPresBean.confPres=&committeeBean.comId=&groupBehalfBean.groupId=1123&refBxNumBean.refBxNum=B6-&refBxYearBean.refBxYear=&refPeBean.refPeNum=PE-&datePartSessBean.datePartSess=&datePartSessYearBean.datePartSessYear=&subjectBean.listValue=&subjectBean.listId=&artReglBean.artId=PDM+202&dateDepositStartBean.dateStart=&dateDepositEndBean.dateEnd=&indexSearchTypeBean.miType=TITLE&indexSearchValueBean.miValue= Motions for resolutions put to the vote by Independence/Democracy in plenary for term 6, category PDM+202 (Proposed amendment to the Rules of Procedure)] ] [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/plenary/motion/sidesSearch.do?language=EN&legIdBean.legId=6&authorBean.listId=&confPresBean.confPres=&committeeBean.comId=&groupBehalfBean.groupId=1123&refBxNumBean.refBxNum=B6-&refBxYearBean.refBxYear=&refPeBean.refPeNum=PE-&datePartSessBean.datePartSess=&datePartSessYearBean.datePartSessYear=&subjectBean.listValue=&subjectBean.listId=&artReglBean.artId=BUDG&dateDepositStartBean.dateStart=&dateDepositEndBean.dateEnd=&indexSearchTypeBean.miType=TITLE&indexSearchValueBean.miValue= Motions for resolutions put to the vote by Independence/Democracy in plenary for term 6, category BUDG (Budget procedure)] ]
* [http://www.zew.de/en/ Centre for European Economic Research/Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung GmbH] [ftp://ftp.zew.de/pub/zew-docs/dp/dp08027.pdf Discussion Paper No.08-027 "Who’s afraid of an EU tax and why? - Revenue system preferences in the European Parliament", by Friedrich Heinemann, Philipp Mohl and Steffen Osterloh, ZEW Mannheim, April 2008] original figure taken from "Table 1: General EU tax preference (Q1) – comparisons of means", figure converted from -4 to +4 scale to 0% to 100% scale] [ftp://ftp.zew.de/pub/zew-docs/dp/dp08027.pdf Discussion Paper No.08-027 "Who’s afraid of an EU tax and why? - Revenue system preferences in the European Parliament", by Friedrich Heinemann, Philipp Mohl and Steffen Osterloh, ZEW Mannheim, April 2008] probit coefficient taken from "Table 5: Ordered probit results for Q2 – support for specific EU taxes", probit coefficient < 0 indicating against, >0 indicating for]
* [http://www.lse.ac.uk London School of Economics] [http://personal.lse.ac.uk/HIX/Working_Papers/Hix-Noury-After%20Enlargement-21August08.pdf "After Enlargement: Voting Patterns in the Sixth European Parliament", by Simon Hix and Abdul Noury, LSE/ULB, 21 August 2008] original figure taken from "Table 6. Party Competition and Coalition Patterns in EP5 and EP6"] [http://personal.lse.ac.uk/HIX/Working_Papers/Hix-Noury-After%20Enlargement-21August08.pdf "After Enlargement: Voting Patterns in the Sixth European Parliament", by Simon Hix and Abdul Noury, LSE/ULB, 21 August 2008] original figure estimated from "Figure 3. Spatial Map of EP6"]
* [http://www.social-europe.eu/home.html Social Europe Journal] [http://www.social-europe.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/journals/SocialEurope-4.pdf "Social Europe: the journal of the european left", issue 4, March 2006] original figure taken from chapter "Women and Social Democratic Politics" by Wendy Stokes, Senior Lecturer in Politics, London Metropolitan University]
* [http://www.tcd.ie/iiis/ Institute for International Integration Studies] [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID922253_code356913.pdf?abstract_id=922253&mirid=3 "Party Groups and Policy Positions in the European Parliament" by Gail McElroy and Kenneth Benoit, Trinity College, Dublin, 10 March 2005] original figure taken from "Table 2. Policy Positions of European Party Groups", figure converted from 0 to 20 scale to 0% to 100% scale] [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID922253_code356913.pdf?abstract_id=922253&mirid=3 "Party Groups and Policy Positions in the European Parliament" by Gail McElroy and Kenneth Benoit, Trinity College, Dublin, 10 March 2005] original figure taken from "Table 2. Policy Positions of European Party Groups", figure converted from 0 to 20 scale to 0% to 100% scale and subtracted from 100% to have scale start at "extremely against"]
* [http://eiop.or.at/eiop/index.php/eiop European Integration online Papers (EIoP)] [http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2002-002.htm "Why Do MEPs Defect? An Analysis of Party Group Cohesion in the 5th European Parliament" by Thorsten Faas, 12 March 2002] original figure estimated from " [http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2002-002t.htm#Figure1 Figure 1: Cohesion in the EP by Party Groups] "]

References

External links

* [http://indemgroup.org/ Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament]