Battle of Tanga

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of Tanga
partof=World War I


caption="Battle of Tanga, 3rd-5th November, 1914" by Martin Frost (1875-1927)
date=November 3 - 5, 1914
place=Tanga, German East Africa
casus=
territory=
result=German victory
combatant2=flagicon|United Kingdom United Kingdom
*
combatant1=flagicon|German Empire Germany
*flagicon|German Empire German East Africa
commander2=flagicon|United Kingdom Arthur Aitken
commander1=flagicon|German Empire Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck
strength2=8000 Indian reservists
strength1=about 1100 Askari
casualties2=487 wounded, 360 killed
casualties1=81 wounded, 61 killed
notes=

The Battle of Tanga (sometimes nicknamed the "Battle of the Bees") was the blundered attempt by the British Indian Army to capture German East Africa (present-day Tanzania) during World War I. It was the first major event in the war in Africa.

Tanga, situated only 80km from the border of British East Africa (today Kenya), was a busy seaport and the site of the crucial Usambara Railway, which ran from the city to the foot of Mount Kilimanjaro. It was initially to be bombarded by British warships, but this plan was scrapped after an agreement to refrain from initiating local aggression was extracted from Tanga's population by way of gunboat diplomacy. However, the British renounced the agreement and launched an amphibious attack on the city. From the beginning, the attack was a disaster. A few days before the amphibious attack, the British cruiser HMS "Fox" arrived, announcing the termination of the earlier agreement. This gave time for both the German Army and the citizens of Tanga to prepare for an attack. The German commander, Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, reinforced Tanga's defenses (initially a single company of troops) with soldiers brought in from all around German East Africa, eventually numbering about 1,000.

Hearing of this, General Arthur Aitken wrongly assumed that von Lettow-Vorbeck had mined Tanga's harbour, and cautiously landed three miles south of the city, on November 3, 1914. Aitken failed to scout out the area beforehand, and it was only by chance that the 8,000 poorly trained Indian reserves Aitken landed were not immediately wiped out.

The next morning, Aitken ordered his troops to march on the city, again, failing to scout out the route beforehand. This time, he was not so lucky, and Tanga's garrison ambushed them and quickly broke their advance. By afternoon, the fighting had turned to jungle skirmishing, with fighting frequently interrupted by swarms of angry bees, hence the battle's nickname.

Although outnumbered eight to one, von Lettow-Vorbeck launched a counterattack on November 4. His troops rapidly overran the poorly defended Indian positions, and the Indian troops were forced to return to their boats.

In their hasty retreat, the Indians left behind rifles, machine guns and more than 600,000 rounds of ammunition, all of which von Lettow-Vorbeck captured. However, von Lettow-Vorbeck, a gentleman, met with Aitken under a white flag and compared notes and opinions with him over a bottle of brandy. He also told German medics to care for the Indian wounded.

The Battle of Tanga was one of Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck's finest achievements, and he was promoted to General for his actions. For the remainder of the war he continued operations that forced the British to commit large numbers of troops and take casualties out of all proportion to the size of the German force they were pusuing. After the war, he returned to Germany undefeated as a hero.

See also

* East African Campaign (World War I)
* Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck

References

* Byron Farwell, "The Great War in Africa, 1914-1918" (W. W. Norton, 1986), pp. 164-178
* Paice, Edward "Tip and Run: The Untold Tragedy of the Great War in Africa" Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2007, ISBN 0-297-84709-0.

External links

* [http://www.chakoten.dk/tanga_1914.html Battle of Tanga]