Josef Ressel

Josef Ludvík František Ressel (in Czech) or Joseph Ludwig Franz Ressel (in German) or Josip Ressel (in Slovenian and Croatian) (June 29, 1793- October 9, 1857) was a Austrian forest warden and the inventor of the ship's propeller.

Ressel was born in Chrudim, Bohemia. His father was German and his mother Czech. He studied in Linz and Vienna and worked as a forest engineer in Motovun, Istria (modern-day Croatia) for the Austrian Government. He worked in Kostanjevica on the Krka river (modern-day Slovenia then Austrian Empire) where he tested his ship propellers for the first time. 1821 he was transferred to Trieste (modern-day Italy), the biggest port of the Austrian Empire where his tests were successful. He was awarded the propeller patent in 1827. He modified a small steam-powered boat "Civeta" by 1829 and test-drove it in the Trieste harbor at six knots before the steam conduits exploded. Because of this misfortune, the police banned further testing.

As early as 1804, the American John Fitch is credited with a screw propeller, which was unsuccessful. In 1836, the Englishman Francis Pettit Smith tested a screw propeller similar to Ressel's. The first cross-Atlantic journey of a ship powered by a screw-propeller was in 1839, with Ressel's screw improved by the Swedish engineer John Ericsson. The propeller screw design stabilized in the 1880s.

Among other Ressel's inventions are pneumatic post and ball and cylinder bearings. He was granted numerous patents during his life.

He died in Ljubljana and is buried in the Navje cemetery.

Literature

* Erhard Marschner: "Josef Ressel. Erfinder der Schiffsschraube - Seine Vorfahren und Nachkommen" ["Josef Ressel. The inventor of the ship propeller - its ancestors and descendants"] , 1979, ISBN 3-7686-6016-8.
* Václav Gutwirth: "Vynálezce Josef Ressel" ["Inventor Josef Ressel"] , 1943, Prague.
* Jiří Charvát, Pavel Kobetič et al: "Josef Ressel a Chrudim" ["Josef Ressel and Chrudim"] , 1986, published by the Chrudim Regional Museum. The museum keeps collection of materials about Ressel.

External links

* [http://www.your-friend.info/vienna/sightseeing.html#Ressel-Madersperger-Marcus Ressel Monument in Vienna, Austria] a Video of his monument and his poor Austrian inventor colleagues.
* [http://istrianet.org/istria/illustri/non-istrian/ressel/index.htm Comprehensive biography]
* [http://www.petrol.si/petrol1999/eng/josip-ressel/ Short biography]
* [http://www.irvineayrshire.org/propeller.htm History of propeller inventions]