Paul of Burgos

Paul of Burgos

Paul of Burgos (born at Burgos about 1351; died 29 August 1435) was a Spanish Jew who converted to Christianity, and became an archbishop, lord chancellor, and exegete. He is known also as Pablo de Santa Maria, Paul de Santa Maria, and Pauli episcopi Burgensis. His original name was Solomon ha-Levi.

Early life

He was the most wealthy and influential Jew of Burgos, a scholar of the first rank in Talmudic and rabbinical literature, and a rabbi of the Jewish community. His father, Isaac ha-Levi, had come from Aragon or Navarre to Burgos in the middle of the fourteenth century. Solomon ha-Levi also apparently filled the office of tax-farmer at the same time.

His scholarship and intelligence, no less than his piety, won the praise of Isaac ben Sheshet, with whom he carried on a learned correspondence (Isaac ben Sheshet, "Responsa", Nos. 183-192).

Conversion

He received Christian baptism on 21 July, 1390 (or perhaps 1391) at Burgos, taking the name Paul de Santa Maria. He himself said that he had been convinced by the works of Thomas Aquinas. At the same time his brothers Pedro Suarez and Alvar Garcia, and his children, one daughter and four sons, aged from three to twelve years, were baptized. His wife, Joanna, whom he had married in his twenty-sixth year, remained faithful to Judaism, dying in that faith in 1420; she was afterward buried in the Church of S. Pablo, built by her husband.

Later life

Paul spent some years at the University of Paris, receiving the degree of doctor of theology after several years. He then visited London, where he probably remained only a short time, sending a Hebrew satire on Purim to Don Meïr Alguades from that city (Israel Abrahams, "Paul de Burgos in London," in "J.Q.R." xii.255 et seq.; Steinschneider, "Cat. Leyden," No. 64, 7). He was appointed archdeacon of Treviño, and in 1402 (or 1405) became Bishop of Cartagena; and in 1415, Archbishop of Burgos. He was succeeded in the see of Burgos by his second son, Archbishop Alfonso of Burgos.

His intelligence and scholarship, as well as his gift of oratory, gained for him the confidence of King Henry III of Castile, who in 1406 appointed him keeper of the royal seal, in succession to Pero Lopez de Ayala. In 1416 King Henry named him lord chancellor. After the king's death Archbishop Paul was a member of the council which ruled Castile in the name of the regent Doña Catalina, and by the will of the deceased king he was tutor to the heir to the throne, the later John II of Castile.

Relationship to Judaism

Paul, who even after he had been baptized continued to correspond with several Jews, including Joseph Orabuena, chief rabbi of Navarre, and Joshua ibn Vives, became a bitter enemy of Judaism. He tried his best, frequently with success, to convert his former coreligionists.

In the same spirit the chief object of the edict which he drafted as chancellor of the kingdom, and which was promulgated in the name of the regent Doña Catalina at Valladolid on January 2 (not 12), 1412, was the conversion of the Jews. This law, which consisted of twenty-four articles, was designed to separate the Jews entirely from the Christians, to paralyze their commerce, to humiliate them, and to expose them to contempt, requiring them either to live within the close quarters of their ghetto or to accept baptism.

Impelled by his hatred of Talmudic Judaism, Paul in the year preceding his death composed the "Dialogus Pauli et Sauli Contra Judæos, sive Scrutinium Scripturarum" (Mantua, 1475; Mayence, 1478; Paris, 1507, 1535; Burgos, 1591), which subsequently served as a source for Alfonso de Spina, Geronimo de Santa Fé, and other Spanish writers hostile to the Jews, and Martin Luther in Germany for his treatise "On the Jews and their Lies". A few years after his baptism he wrote "Additiones" (which consist of addenda to Nicholas of Lyra's postils on the Bible, and have been frequently printed), and in his old age a "Historia Universal" in Spanish verse.

Works

The published writings of Archbishop Paul were:
*"Dialogus Pauli et Sauli contra Judæos, sive Scrutinium scripturarum" (Mantua, 1475; Mains, 1478; Paris, 1507, 1535; Burgos, 1591).
*"Additiones" to the "Postilla" of Nicholas of Lyra (Nuremberg, 1481; 1485; 1487, etc.; Venice, 1481, 1482, etc.). It is chiefly on the latter work that Paul's reputation as an exegete rests. The "Additiones" were originally mere marginal notes written in a volume of the "Postilla" which he sent to his son Alfonso. Their publication aroused Matthias Döring, the provincial of the Saxon Franciscans, to publish his "Replicæ," a bitter rejection of almost half of the 1,100 suggestions and additions Paul had made.
* "De nomine divino quæstiones duodecim" (Utrecht, 1707). These tracts are excerpts from the "Additiones" in regard to Exodus iii, and are joined to the "scholia" of J. Drusius on the correct pronunciation of the name of Jahweh.

External links

* [http://newadvent.org/cathen/11588a.htm "Catholic Encyclopedia": Paul of Burgos]

References

*Sanctotis, "Vita d. Pauli episcopi Burgensis"; pp. 32, 40 et seq.;
*Mariana, "Historia general de España," IV (Barcelona, 1839), 324;
*Antonio, "Biblioth. hispan. vetus, II" (Madrid, 1788), 237.
*Alonso Fernandez, "Historia de Plasencia," p. 94;
*Rios, "Estudios," pp. 338 et seq.;
*Rios, "Hist." ii.291 et seq., 493 et seq.;
*I. da Costa, "Israel und die Völker," German transl., pp. 223 et seq.;
*Moritz Steinschneider, "Cat. Bodl." p. 2087;
*Meyer Kayserling, "Sephardim," pp. 64 et seq.;
*Heinrich Graetz, "Geschichte," viii.84 et seq.
*His epitaph is given in Florez, "España Sagrada," xxvi.387, and Kayserling, l.c. p. 333.
*Catholic
*Jewish Encyclopedia


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Paul of Burgos — • Spanish archbishop, lord chancellor and exegete (1351 1435) Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Paul of Burgos     Paul of Burgos      …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Santa Maria, Paul de (Paul of Burgos; Solomon ha-Levi of Burgos) — (c. 1352 1435)    Spanish churchman. As Solomon ha Levi he served as a rabbi in Burgos. After converting to Christianity, he became bishop of Cartagena, and then of Burgos. He was partly responsible for the anti Jewish legislation enacted in… …   Dictionary of Jewish Biography

  • Paúl — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Paúl, o Paúl de Valdelucio, es la denominación de un antiguo municipio, código INE , corresponde a una localidad en Castilla la Vieja, hoy comunidad autónoma de Castilla y León, provincia de Burgos (España). Está… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Paul — ist ein deutscher, englischer und französischer Vor und Nachname, dessen Ursprung der lateinische, männliche Vorname Paulus ist. Zur weiblichen Form des Vornamens siehe Paula. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Herkunft und Bedeutung 2 Verbreitung …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Paul Scheinpflug — (* 10. September 1875 in Loschwitz bei Dresden; † 11. März 1937 in Memel) war ein deutscher Dirigent und Komponist. Scheinpflug studierte von 1890 bis 1894 am Dresdner Konservatorium, unter anderem bei Felix Draeseke. Nach kurzem Aufenthalt… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Paul van Kempen — (* 16. Mai 1893 in Zoeterwoude, Südholland; † 8. Dezember 1955 in Amsterdam) war ein niederländisch deutscher Dirigent. Kempen studierte am Amsterdamer Konservatorium von 1910 13, Komposition und Dirigieren bei Julius Röntgen und Bernard Zweers,… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Paul Thiébault — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Retrato del general Thiébault. Paul Charles François Adrien Henri Dieudonné Thiébault (Berlín, Prusia, 14 de diciembre de 1769 París, 14 de octubre de 1846) fue un militar fra …   Wikipedia Español

  • Paul Van Nevel — (* 4. Februar 1946 in Hasselt) ist ein belgischer Dirigent, Musikwissenschaftler und Kunsthistoriker. Schwerpunkt seiner Arbeit ist die polyphone Chormusik des späten Mittelalters und der Renaissance. Paul Van Nevel In einer musikliebenden… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Burgos — Para otros usos de este término, véase Burgos (desambiguación). Burgos …   Wikipedia Español

  • Alfonso, Bishop of Burgos — Alfonso of Burgos (1384 1456) was a humanist, diplomat, historian, and thinker of the Spanish Pre Renaissance. He served as Archbishop of Burgos from 1435 to 1456. He was the son of Paul of Burgos and his wife Joanna. His father was a convert to… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”