Romanian buffalo

Romanian Buffalo (Romanian:"Bivol românesc") is a variety of the Domestic Water buffalo from Transylvania, Romania.

Origin and development

The Romanian Buffalo breed of Domestic Asian Water buffalo stems from the Common European water buffalo, Mediterranean type. Introgression has been made since 1960 from Murrah (Bulgaria). Herdbook was established in 1987.In the Romanian population there exist three different buffalo types: Carpathian type, Danubian buffalo and the one improved through the Indian Murrah. The most numerous Romanian buffalos are the Carpathian type, with valuable gene resource, well adapted to the cold climate for buffalo.

Population trend

The number is slightly decreasing: In 1994 the number of breeding female/male used for AI was 11800 (1,628 in herdbook)/ 5 bulls. In 1996 the number of total buffalo was 209,432 that were raised in 86,480 herds; the number of adult females was 97,320 and the number of adult males 2510. In 2003 the number of female in herdbook was 275.External characteristics: Coat color is unicoloured in back and skin color is also black. Back line is sinuous, i.e. loin and tail point come lower than wither and crump height. Typical number of horns is two for both male and female; the horns are directed to the back, being 50-70 cm long. In adult animals (males/females) the wither heights are 140-142 / 131-133 cm. Live weights of adult animals (males/females) are 650-680 / 530-560 kg.

Productive and reproductive traits

Main uses are milk, meat and draught power. Milk yield varies according to season of calving, lactations number, level of feeding, and length of lactation. Lactation milk yield (kg) is between 958-1455 kg. The number of days lactation per year is 252-285; age at first calving is 38-42 months; average lactations number is 6-9; age at slaughter for young stock is 22-24 and 350-400 kg or at 3-4 months and 60-100 kg for males and the females are slaughtered at 500-600 kg, usually after the first lactation or after the productive life. In 2003 the female that was included in herd book had 1831 kg milk, with 136 kg fat (7.48%) and 71 kg (3.93%) protein. Age at first calving was 38 month and 6 days and calving interval of these female was 456 days.The average of calves/year is 0.85.

Management conditions

The breed is very well adapted to the local environment. Type of management is stationary, housing is over 6-8 months / year and feeding is mixes. In most smallholders buffalos are maintained tied in closed barns in winter, while in warm seasons a combination between stable housing with grazing is practiced. The young buffaloes are kept for grazing on pasture. When pastured together, cattle and buffaloes coexist satisfactorily. Romanian buffalos are powerful swimmers.

Organization monitoring breed

Ministry of Agriculture, Woods and Rural Development

References

# Popovici I., 1996, Buffalo Population and Production in Romania, http://ww2.netnitco.net
# Huţu, I., 2006, Producţii animale şi Tehnologii de Creştere, Ed. Dinamis Print, Timişoara