G. David Tilman

G. David Tilman (formerly, Titman^[1]) born in 1949 in Aurora, Illinois, is a prominent American ecologist who earned his Ph.D. at the University of Michigan in 1976. He is Regent's Professor and McKnight Presidential Chair in Ecology at the University of Minnesota, as well as an instructor in Conservation Biology; Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior; and Microbial ecology. He is director of the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve Long-term Ecological Research station. Tilman has been a Guggenheim Fellow, is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and is a member of the National Academy of Science.^[2] In 2000 Tilman was designated the Most Highly Cited Environmental Scientist of the Decade by Essential Science Indicators.^[3] In 2008, Tilman was awarded the International Prize for Biology.

Ecology interests

In an August 2001 interview, Dr. Tilman states that his passion with ecology stems from his love for both math and biology, and ecology is a field that allows him to express both together along with his love for the outdoors.^[4] His work explores how both natural and managed ecosystems can be used to meet the needs of humans, whether it be for food, energy, or ecosystem services. Dr. Tilman has performed several studies to further determine the usefulness of grasslands for utilization in biofuel.

Resource competition & community structure

Dr. Tilman is best known for his work on the role of resource competition in community structure and on the role of biodiversity in ecosystem functioning. One of his most cited articles is the 1994 Nature article titled "Biodiversity and stability in grasslands" which provided data regarding an experiment that began in 1982 with more than 200 plots in a grassland field in the Cedar Creek National History Area in Minnesota.^[5] Each of these plots was continuously monitored for 20 years for factors such as species richness and biomass created by the community. Tilman’s article looked at data both prior to and following a drought on the grassland plots in 1988, which provided surprising results. The drought provided substantial disturbance and the biomass data showed a strong positive correlation between the plant diversity within the community and the stability of the community as a whole supporting the diversity-stability hypothesis.^[6]

Competition & biodiversity in spatially structured habitats

Another article by Tilman that has received substantial citation is his 1994 Ecology article that encompasses the idea that large numbers of species can coexist in a small habitat even when they require the same limiting nutrient (such as nitrogen), as long as there is a tradeoff between the species. Basically it means that they can coexist because species that are good competitors are not as good at colonizing or reproducing.^[4][7] In a related paper, Tilman used this model to demonstrate the phenomenon of "extinction debt," which refers to the time delay between habitat destruction and the extinction of species.^[8]

References

1. ^ Tilman (1982) Resource Competition and Community Structure, p. 86.
2. ^ Biographical Sketch of G. David Tilman.
3. ^ CURRICULUM VITAE - G. David Tilman.
4. ^ ^{a b} in-cites - An Interview with Dr. David Tilman
5. ^ Tilman, David, and John Downing. "Biodiversity and Stability in Grasslands." Nature 6461 (1994): 363-365.
6. ^ http://www.learner.org/channel/courses/biology/textbook/biodiv/biodiv_7.html.
7. ^ Tilman, David. "Competition and Biodiversity in Spatially Structured Habitats." Ecology 75 (1994): 2-16.
8. ^ Tilman, D.; May, R. M.; Lehman, C. L.; Nowak, M. A. (1994). "Habitat destruction and the extinction debt". Nature 371 (6492): 65. Bibcode 1994Natur.371...65T. doi:10.1038/371065a0.  edit

Persondata
Name	Tilman, G. David
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1949
Place of birth
Date of death
Place of death